Browsing by Author "London, Norrel A."
Now showing 1 - 15 of 15
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Alternative modes of access to secondary school in a developing society(1992) London, Norrel A.;Item An experiment in education provision during economic hardship: A Third World example(Jul. 1991) London, Norrel A.;Under the Post-Primary Project, Trinidad and Tobago may legitimately claim to have achieved some educational expansion under difficult economic circumstances. Although top-down curriculum management and a strong remediation emphasis limited programme success, the school clustering concept, along with increased vocational training, offers a promising approach to future expansionItem Challenge and response: Selected strategies in effective educational provision in Trinidad and Tobago(UNESCO/IBE, 1994) London, Norrel A.; Ray, Douglas, and othersItem Curriculum development in geography: A challenge for Caribbean educators(1976-77) London, Norrel A.;This paper is an attempt to suggest an empirical frame of reference within which geography curriculum developers in the Caribbean may fruitfully explore their task. This framework is the "mental map" or "cognitive map," defined for the purposes of this paper as the composite, cognitive picture held by individuals for a given geographical areaItem Education expansion in hard times: An example from the Third World(1991) London, Norrel A.;This article discusses the attempts of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago to provide for the education of a neglected and unfortunate group of students denied access to secondary education due to scarce financial resources. With no money to build and equip facilities, Trinidad and Tobago resorted to school clustering in order to further the education of post-primary students. The programme is analysed and evaluated with attention to its ideological, technical, social, and content perspectivesItem Improving the status and prestige of post-colonial secondary schools in a developing nation: The marketing approach(1994) London, Norrel A.;This article reviews some of the major problems faced by postcolonial secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago. It examines efforts made by the government to improve status and prestige of these schools, and suggests the strategy of marketing educational institutions as a means by which transformation of these institutions may be achievedItem Interorganizational decision making in the establishment of an education project in a Third World country: An example from Latin America and the Caribbean(1994) London, Norrel A.;The establishment of large-scale education projects in developing nations is often problematic. After project approval, it is sometimes difficult for initiatives to "get off-the-ground." This paper examines one type of difficulty--inter-organizational behaviour patterns--that may beset project establishment. Results of the analysis reveal that the behaviour of organizations involved can influence the decision-making process in project establishment and, as a result, can slow down the project implementation processItem New frontiers in educational planning and curriculum reform in Trinidad and Tobago(1989) London, Norrel A.;This article discusses the criticized shift system for junior secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago. This system, which was established to meet the demands for additional school places, provides education for increased numbers of students by the same teachers, using the same classrooms and teaching materials, in a morning and an afternoon shift. Topics discussed include schools going to deshift, role of the education planner, curriculum reform, and students' well-beingItem Providing facilities in a dual system of education in the Third World: Funding policies and current practices in Trinidad and Tobago(Alaska University Press, [1992?]) London, Norrel A.; D'Oyley, Vincent RoyItem School location in a developing nation: A location-allocation modelling approach(1990) London, Norrel A.;Beginning in the early 1970s, Trinidad and Tobago adopted a policy of putting all of its junior secondary schools "on shift." This method allowed for two schools to be conducted in the same facility at different times of the day, and had the advantage of providing access to secondary school for a large number of students. However, the method generated a number of problems and, as a result, was earmarked for alteration. Plans were made for the dismantling of the shift system through construction of new, single-shift schools in new locations. This paper argues that proposals to build new facilities in new locations as a means of resolving problems associated with the shift system may be more effectively accomplished through application of the method of location-allocation modellingItem School location planning in Trinidad, West Indies(1987) London, Norrel A.;This study evaluates the spatial efficiency of secondary schools in Trinidad, and makes recommendations for the location and order in which eight proposed schools might be built. Spatial efficiency is construed in terms of minimizing distance travelled by students to get to school, and is evaluated against an ideal system of school locations. Road distance between primary and secondary school is used to measure distance travelled to get to school. The main instrument used is a location-allocation algorithm, which minimizes distance between primary school (origin) and secondary school (destination). The local road network is abstracted as a system of shortest path "links;" the school locations are abstracted as origin and destination "nodes" respectively. The findings revealed that, in the existing system of secondary schools, the maximum distance travelled by students was 19.364 miles, compared with a distance of 17.387 miles, if the schools were ideally located. In the existing system, the total distance travelled was 476,817.6 miles, in contrast to a mean mileage of 2.408, and a total mileage of 343, 854.2 miles, given an ideal location for each secondary school. The findings also stipulate the order in which the eight proposed schools, whose locations were already determined, should be built if spatial efficiency in the existing system was to progressively improve, with the incremental addition of each school. Ideal locations for the eight schools, and the priority order in which they should be built to render the system even more efficient, are also stipulated. It is concluded that formal and technical planning procedures would increase the spatial efficiency of the secondary school system in Trinidad, and that future geographic expansion of the system would be more efficiently planned and executed, if policy makers are presented with data derived from techniques like location-allocation modellingItem Selecting students for secondary education in a developing society: The case of Trinidad and Tobago(Fall 1989) London, Norrel A.;The method of selecting students for secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago has undergone changes in recent years. The modifications have been effective in that they permit access to a larger number of students; they, nevertheless, accommodate some of the former practice of elitism in the selection process. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the degree to which the logic of contest and/or the logic of sponsorship, as propounded by Turner (1960), prevails in the Common Entrance Examination (CEE) that must be written by all students as a means of gaining access to secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago. It examines the possible consequences of the patterns of mobility detected in the examination systemItem The impact of economic adjustments on educational facilities planning in Trinidad and Tobago(Apr. 1993) London, Norrel A.;This article illustrates how Trinidad and Tobago responded during hard economic times to demands for educational facilities. Space standards for primary schools were compromised in the wake of rising inflation and economic recession during the 1980s. One result is overcrowding. Improved policy guidelines are essential, along with alternative solutions, such as clustering facilities or reliance on the private sectorItem The major education project"" in Latin America and the Caribbean(Ministry of Education, 1988) London, Norrel A.;Item Trends and patterns in geographic testing in the Caribbean(1973) London, Norrel A.;