Miller, Errol L.2022-01-182022-01-181990579https://hdl.handle.net/2139/52680This article examines the effect of access to the upper levels of the Jamaican educational system (affecting opportunities of upward mobility) on achievement at the lower levels. It also considers the related effect on traditional patterns of achievement, for example boys out-performing girlsAcademic achievementAccess to upper levels: Its impact on achievement at the primary level