I I Isilii#- ; el Published <\ Vol. 5 /i Formerly \ Friday, Price Weekly K A'o. 49 >T P.N.M. WeeJcty M August 30, 1963 >•* i0 Cents Editorial The Challenge To This Nation is IT POSSIBLE to pause for a moment on this, the first anniversary of our Independence and ask ourselves, like children, a few simple questions? Who are we? What is our country? What does it mean to us? Unfortunately, our name is not simple or easy to say like "British" or "Dutch". If only we could be Trinidadian or Tobagonian, one or the other. "Trinidadian and Tobagonian" is really too big a mouthful. For want of a simple handle, we still see ourselves separately as Trini- dadians and Tobagonians. Our need is to devise a common name for ourselves, a folk of two islands. But our split name is nothing to our multiple or composite image. "Trinidad and Tobago" man may quite easily be seen as African, Indian, Chinese or European man, and,.admitting this, we reach the crux of the question. Are we "Trinidadians and Tobagonians" a people, a nation of the world family of nations, in spite of our disparate human elements? Do we continue to see ourselves as we did before Independence merely as black man, brown man, white man, Chinese man or Indian man on the islands? Is it possible that we have put on the toga of an independent nation without assuming its spirit and under­ standing its meaning? To achieve a national identity our several races dwelling together will in time be obliged to mingle myths, graft heritages and construct a common faith if we are really equally to possess the country and create a quiet kingdom for our inheritors. Otherwise we shall never be more substantial than shadows, nor more human than marionettes. People are yoked to their national cart. History warns that disaster strikes when a country develops a split, per­ sonality and men find it impossible to agree on a common destiny, to take a mutual road into the future. This translated into our native idiom means that we cannot afford to dream of an African, Indian, European or Chinese destiny, but only of a Trinidad and Tobago destiny. It is impossible to travel two or three roads at once. Our national health and salvation lie in unity. Too easily said. It will continue to prove, as it does today, immensely difficult to direct all our streams into the national river and set it flowing calmly toward the future. That difficulty is the supreme challenge to this nation whose fate is written in the acts we do each day, in our wisdom and our folly, our courage and our crimes. TIWU ISSUES The Transport and Industrial Workers' Union yesterday issued the management of the Princes Town Special Bus Co., Ltd., with an ultimatum, calling upon it to fulfil some 17 demands within the next 48 hours. This action came in the wake of the failure of the conciliatory talks on 44 matters at a meeting held under the chairmanship of a Labour Officer of the Ministry of Labour. The release states in part: "The ultimatum expires today. Should the Company fail to fulfil our demands in that time, wc will have no alternative but to lake positive collective action against the Company. This may take the form of a go slow and work to rule, intermittent shut downs or a total strike. That will lie decided at the appropriate time. "We are aware that if we have to take action against the Com­ pany, the travelling public will be inconvenienced. We want to let it be known that we are entirely- blameless and that it is the Com­ pany that has been ihe cause of all the problems; it is the Com­ pany that has absolutely no re­ gard for the travelling public; it is the Company that has been operating against the workers, against the people, and against the national interest. "We kindly request that the tiavelling public bear this in mind and be prepared to stem ULTIMATUM the tide when it comes. Com­ plain about the Company — not »he workers. Start for work very- much earlier than usual and refrain from raising tempers, provoking drivers and conductors or causing difficulties in any­ way ." GG to take Salute at Parade The Governor-General, Sir Solomon Hochoy, will take the salute at the parade in cele­ bration of the anniversary of In­ dependence at 7.45 a.m., on August 31, at the Queen's Park Savannah. Spectators are requested to stand on the arrival and the de­ parture of the Governor-General, and during tho two Royal Salutes. Spectators should remain in their seats until the parade is dismounted and the units march off. The units taking part in the parade, in order, wiil be : The Trinidad and Tobago Regi­ ment; the Trinidad and Tobago Coast. Guard; the Cadet Force; the Police Force; the Fire Services; the Special Reserve Police; the Women Police; the St. John Ambulance Brigade; and the Red Cross Society. The Prime Minister, Dr. Eric Williams — he guides our destiny Second Independence History The Prime Minister, Dr. Eric Williams, has written another history book, "Documents of West Indian History 1492-1655", The new volume which will go on sale tomorrow, Saturday, follows the "History of the People of Trinidad and Tobagb" which was issued on Independence Day last year. Dr. Williams has dedicate^ his book "to the young people of the West Indies as an aid in their struggle against the legacy, the mentality and the fragmentation of coionialism." In his foreword Dr. Williams indicates that the volume is the first of a series of five, the last of which will deal with the period from 1942-1962. The series "aims" at bringing together, in English, the available scholarship and research on the West Indian area, whatever the original language of publication." Birth of the Humming Bird This week there appeared the first issue of "The Humming Bird" — the Independence No.— edited by Aubrey E. James. Containing largely, contribu­ tions from eminent citizens, leaders in Commerce, Industry, Politics, Agriculture, Education, Labour, the Indian Community and the National Steelband, it is highly informative and readable. Magazines of this sort are badly lacking in Trinidad and Tobago, the existing ones prefer­ ring to imitate the giddy and glamorous Hollywood style things, seen in the second rate book shops. We commend "Humming Bird" to our readers as a more serious and worthwhile effort. P.N.M. Meetings On Mondhy, September 2, the Political Leader, PNM, Dr. Eric Williams, will deliver the feature ad­ dress at a mass public meeting to mark the first anniversary of Indepen­ dence, at the University of Woodford Square, from 8.00 p.m. On Tuesday, September 3, he will deliver the fea­ ture address at a similar meeting to be held at Har­ ris Promenade, in San Fer­ nando also at 8 p.m. The Acting Chairman of the Party, Dr. Ibbit Mosa- heb, will preside at both mnntinnc PM to address festival The Prime Minister will address the children at the Independence Anniversary Youth Festival today at the Queen's Park Oval as he did last year. The programme is as follows. 1. Songs: (i) Our Nations Dawning (ii) Our Lands of Sun and Seas—Massed Choirs 2. March Past — Uniformed Groups 3. Physical Education Display —Boys 4. Dances: (i) Sextur—Gh-ls (ii) Scarf Dance — Mixed Groups 5. Songs: (i) Tobago Sea Shanty —Johnny Grotto (ii) Spanish Folk Song — Mi Mama — Massed Choirs 6. Dance: Maypole — School Group 7. Address by the Prime Minister—The Hon. Dr. Eric Williams 8. Pledge 9. Songs: (i) Boca Chimes (ii) God Bless Our Nation- Massed Choirs CASCADOU TRACE AND MORUGA Cabinet yesterday approved a further 150 applications for allot­ ment of Crown lands to small farmers. Of these applications 91 were for land at Moruga and 23 for Page 2 • THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • The Government Hi of Trinidad and Tobago on Independence Day 1962... TRINIDAD CO-OPERATIVE BANK LIMITED Sends Hearty Congratulations and Best Wishes to the People of Trinidad & Tobago on this our FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF INDEPENDENCE LOOK TO YOUR OWN FUTURE INDEPEXDENC E BY STARTING A SAVINGS ACCOUNT AT THE TRINIDAD CO-OPERATIVE BANK LIMITED YOUR LOCAL BANK Owned by the People and Serving the Nation CORNER DUKE AND CHARLOTTE STREET, PORT-OF-SPAIN The Minister of Health and Housing, Mrs. Isabel Teshea. • The Minister of Agriculture, Mr. L. M. Robinson Left to right standing: The Minister of Education and Culture. Senator Donald Pierre; the Minister of Labour, Mr. Robert Wallace; Minister without Portfolio, Senator W. J. Alexander; the Attorney- General, Senator George Richards; the Minister of Finance, Mr. A. N. R. Robinson; the Minister for Community Development and LCCJI Government, Mr. Saied Mohammed; the Secretary to the Cabinet and Head of the Civil Service, Mr. L. Alan Reece. Let to right, seated: the Minister of Works, Mr. Gerard Montano; Ihe Minister of Industry, Agriculture and Commerce, Mr. John O'Halloran; the Prime Minister and Minister of External AfFairs, LETTERS PATENT It is recorded in Hansard Vol. 1, No. 1, Friday, August 31, 1962 that Her Royal Highness the Princess Royal brought to our jointly assembled House of Reprsesntaitives and Senate the Queen's Message ta the Nation, officially termed the Letters Patent by which "presents" Trinidad and Tobago offically received Independence. The Letters Patent were read by the Speaker and are not to be confused with the Queen's Speech nor with the Queen's Personal Message which were read in the House ly the Princess Royal herself. BY THESE PRESENTS WE RECEIVED OUR INDEPENDENCE ONE YEAR AGO "ELIZABETH REGINA" ..... ELIZABETH THE SECOND by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' and of our other Realms and Territ.ories/Queen Head of the Commonweath Defender of the Faith/To Our trusty and well beloved Sir Solomon Hochoy Knight Commander of Our Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George Officer of Our Most Excellent Order of the Brit.ish Empire/ Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of Trinidad and Tobago and Julius Hamilton Maurice Esquire President of the Senate of our Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago/and Clytus Arnold Thomasos Esquire Speaker of the House of Representatives of Our said Parliament/and To Our trusty and well beloved the Members of the said Senate and House of Representatives ' and Our People of Trinidad and Tobago / Greeting: Whereas by the Trinidad and Tobago Indepen­ dence Act 1962 provision is made for the attainment by Trinidad and Tobago of fully responsible status within the Commonwealth And Whereas in pursuance of the provisions cf the Constitution set out, in the Trinidad and Tobago (Constitution) Order in Council 1962/Our Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago has been summoned to meet/for cer- Dr. Eric Williams; the ^overnor-oenerai, sir soiomon notnuy; mo Deputy Premier and Minister of Home AfFairs, Dr. Patrick Solomon; the Minister of Health and Housing; Mr. Donald Granado; the Min­ ister of Public Utilities, Mr. Kamaluddin Mohammed. This year, however, Mr. John O'Halloran was created Minister of Petroleum and Mines and the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce is now held by Mr. L. M. Robinson. Mr. Donald Granado was appointed Ambassador to Venezuela and Mrs. Isabel Teshea has succeeded to the Ministry of Health and Housing. Mr. A A i n I .1^.. F |L A fiwil Qorv irp tain arduous and urgent affairs concerning the Government, thereof And Whereas We are desirous of marking the importance of the opening of the first meeting of the said Parliament and of showing Our special interest in the wel­ fare of Our Loyal Subjects therein/and for as much as for certain cau:es We cannot conveniently be present thereat in our Royal Person Now Know Ye. that We, trusting in the discreVon, fidelity, and care of Our most dear and entirely beloved Aunt The Princess Royal Victoria Alex­ andra Alice Mary/Lady of the Imperial Order of the Crown cf India Dame Grand Cross of Our Most Excellent Order cf the British Empire, Do give and grant by t.he tenor of these Presents unto The Princess Royal/full power in Our name to hold Our Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago and to open and declare and cause to be opened and declared the causes of holding the same/and to do everything which for Us and by Us shall be therein to be done/Willing that The Princess Royal shall hereby convey to Our said Parlia­ ment and People Our Royal message of goodwill/and Our assurance of Our earnest prayer/ for the blessing of Amighty God on *.he new Contitution of Trinidad and Tobago/ and for continued prosperity and happiness of all Our Loyal Subjects in Trinidad and Tobago Commanding also by the tenor of these Presents as well/all and every/the said Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief/the said Presi­ dent, Speaker, and Members of Our said Senate and House of Representafves/as all others whom it concerns to meet in Our said Parliament that to the Princess Royal they diligently intend in the premises in the form aforesaid And We do further direc*. and enjoin/that these Our Letters shall be read and proclaimed at such place or places/as Our said Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief shall think fit within Trinidad and Tobago/In Witness whereof We have caused these Our Letters to be made Patent Wit,Tiers Ourself at Westminster the twenty-eighth day of August in the eleventh year of Our Reign. Bv the Queen herself signed with her own hand . . . COLDSTREAM CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION AUTHORITY N O T I C E Payment of 1963 Water Rates and Charges It is hereby notified for general information that an authorized representative of the Centra! Authority will attend at the following places on the days and during the hours stated for the purpose of receiving Water Rates and Charges. The amounts notified on bills represent 1963 Water Rates only and payment must be made by 30th September, 1963 to avoid the statutory percentage penalty of ten per centum. Arrears, if any, will be notified to ratepayers separately. Properties in arrear shall be disconnected from the distribution system and advertised for sale under the provisions of the Rates and Charges Recovery Ordinance Chapter 33 No. 8. Ratepayers are requested to PRODUCE THEIR BILLS WHEN TENDERING PAYMENT. Area Carenage-Diego Martin, Maraval, Debe, Upper Bourne's Road, Kandahar, Belle Vue Ariapita & Hololo Roads, St. Ann's, San Juan/Laventille, La Pastora, Sam Boucaud, La Canoa, Cantaro and Succonueo, St. Francois and Belmont Valley Roads, St. Barb's Sangre Grande, Matura Salybia Toco, Gran Riviere, Cumana, Matelot, Sans Souci, Monte Video, L'Anse Noir Cumuto, Little Coora, Four Roads-Tamana, Guaico-Tamana Blanchisseuse Biche Mayaro-Guayaguayare Rio Claro Princes Town Naparima Debe—Penal and Palo Seco La Brea-Point Fortin cedros Moruga D'Abadie—Tacarigua:— Maturita, O'Meara—Malabar, St. John's Vge. Maracas Village and Land Settlement, Lopinot Land Settlement, Surrey Village, Lopinot Central North Central South Tobago Place Specified Dates — September 1963 Hours C.W.D.A. Office, Diego Martin Main Road Monday 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd Wednesday 25th 9-3.00 p.m. 9-12 noon Old Health Office, Carenage Thursday 19th 9-3.00 p.m. Warden's Office, Maraval Friday 6th 0-3.00 p.m. Warden's Office, Port-of-Spain Tuesday 10th 0-3.00 p.m. Warden's Office, Thursday 5th, 19th, 26th Saturday 28th 0-3.00 p.m. 9-12 noon Port-of-Spain Warden's Office, Sangre Grande Warden's Office, Toco Warden's Office, Gran Riviere Warden's Office, Matelot Warden's Office, Sangre Grande Warden's Office, Blanchisseuse Wednesday 4th Friday 13th, 20th, 27th Tuesday 10th, 24th Tuesday 17th Wednesday 11th Thursday 12th 9-3.00 p.m. 10.-3.00 p.m. 10-2.00 p.m. 10-2.00 p.m. Friday 6th Warden's Office, Biche Warden's Office, Mayaro Warden's Office, Guayaguayare C.W.D.A. Office, Railway Building, R/ Rio Claro C.W.D.A. Office, King Street Health Office Tableland C.W.D.A. Office, Corner Pointe-a-Pierre & Circular Roads, San Fernando Warden's Office, Siparia Warden's Office, Oropouche Warden's Office, Erin Warden's Office, La Brea Warden's Office, Point Fortin Warden's Office, Cedros Warden's Office, Moruga Warden's Office, Tunapuna Wednesday 4th Tuesday 10th, 17th, 24th 9-3.00 p.m. 10-3.00 p.m. 10-3.00 p.m. Wednesday 18th Tuesday 3rd, 17th Wednesday 4th, 11th, 25th Friday 13th, 20th. 27th Friday 13th Monday 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th Thursday 5th, 12th, 19th, 26th Saturday 28th Wednesday 11th Tuesday 24th Thursday 12th, 19th Friday 6th, 13th, 20th, 27th Saturday 28th Thursday 5th, 26th Friday 20th, 27th Thursday 5th, 19th Wednesday 11th, 25th Tuesday 10th, 24th Tuesday 17th, 24th Thursday 5th. 12th 26th. Wednesday 18th Warden's Office, Arima Warden's Office, Chaguanas Warden's Office, Couva Warden's Office, Gran Couva Warden's Office, Flanagin Town Warden's Office, Couva Warden's Office, Gran Couva C.W.D.A. Office, Main Street, Scarborough, Tobago Health Office, Charlotteville Monday 16th, 23rd Thursday 5th, 12th, 19th, 26th Saturday 28th 10-3.00 p.m. 10-1.00 p.m. 9-3.00 p.m. 9-3.00 p.m. 9-3.00 p.m. 9-3.00 p.m. 9-3.00 p.m. 0-3.00 p.m. 9-12 noon 9-3.00 p.m. 9-3.00 p.m. 9-12 noon 9-3.00 p.m. 9-3.00 p.m. 0-3.00 p.m. 0-3.00 p.m. 0-3.00 p.m. 10-3.00 p.m. 0-3.00 p.m. 0-3.00 p.m. Monday 30th Wednesday 4th, 11th, 18th, 25th Friday 13th Monday Oth, 23rd Friday 13th Wednesday 4th, 11th, 18th, 25th Monday 30th Friday 13th Tuesdays and Friday? Saturdays Mondays THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 3 IJ Our Ambassadors and High Commissioners Abroad SIR LEARIE CONSTANTINE United Kingdom High Commissioner, 51 South Audley Street, London, W.I. (Telephone: Hyde Park 2061) SIR ELLIS CLARKE United States of America Embassy, 2209, Massachucetts Avenue, N W., Washington 8, D.C. (Telephone: 232/3134) United Nations Permanent Mis­ sion, 801, Second Avenue, Room 401, New York 17, N.Y. (Tele­ phone: Murray Hill 62346) MR. ANDREW ROSE Canada High Commissioner, Fuller Build­ ing, Room 508, 75 Albert Street, Ottawa 4, Ontario; P.O.Box 2370. (Telephone: 232/2418) Trade Commissioner, 1210, Sher- brooke Street West, Suite 200, Montreal 2, Quebec. (Telephone: 842/8521) 0-3.00 p.m. 0-12 noon 0-3.00 p.m. 0-3.00 p.m. 9-3.00 p.m. 0-3.00 p.m. 0-3.00 p.m. 0-12 noon 0-3.00 p.m. MR. DONALD GRANADO Venezuela Embassy, Quita Graciela No- 45, Galle Guaicaipuro, El Rosal; Estado Miranda, Caracas, Apar1- tado del Este 5322. (Telephone: 33-75-70) MATTHEW RAMCHARAN Jamaica High Commissioner, 75V2 Harbour Street, Kingston • And Mr. Carl Tull the trade unionist has been appointed High Commissioner to British Guiana. Ratepayers wishing to do so may remit th eir Rates and Charges be Money Orders or Cheques through the post directly to the Central Office, St. J oseph. Central OfTice of the C.W.D.A., Valsayn, St. Joseph. $/ AQUI PHILIP, By Order of the Central Water Distribution Authority, Secretary. ITALY'S BEST Z A N U S S I • REFRIGERATORS * GAS COOKERS High in quality and low in price Standard Motor Supplies Ltd. 76 Independence Square — Port-of-Spain. Page 4 • THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 T H E D O C T O R S A Y S The Future of the Nation ( W e r e p r i n t t h e a d d r e s s m a d e b y t h e P r i m e M i n i s t e r , D r . Williams, to children at the Youth Rally at the Oval on the eve of Independence Day, 1962.) Tomorrow, Independence Day, you will be the children of the citizens of the Independent State of Trinidad and Tobago, and in a few years after that, you will be called upon, by the law of t,he land, to share in the privileges and responsibilities, the rights and duties of citizens. Tomorrow I shall have an equally great honour and responsibility — that of being the first Prime Minister of an Independent Nation. I am very happy indeed, therefore, to take part in this memorable rally and to send a message, through you the boys and girls here today at the Queen's Park Oval, to all the young people of Trinidad and Tobago. Our new nation must maintain and develop its political system and its democratic machinery. It must provide the Cabinet Minis­ ters, the Members of Parliament, the civil servants, the doctors, the lawyers, the engineers, the ambassadors, the nurses, the teachers, the skilled workers and the writers and artists which every independent nation has and provides for itself. It must organise and plan our economy to increase the national wealth and improve our living standards. NATION ON THE MARCH We who are doing all this today as well as we can will have to give way in the years to come to you young people who will come forward to take our place. The Nation is on the march. There is no turning back. The road from now on leads forward and only forward. Your respon­ sibility, therefore, is a very heavy one. If you shirk it, you betray our Nation. If you fail in that responsibility, you jeopardise our Nation. I have given to the Nation as its watchwords, Discipline, Pro­ duction, Tolerance. They apply as much to you the young people as to your parents. The discipline is both individual and national; the individual cannot be allowed to seek his personal interests and gratify his personal ambition at the expense of our Nation. We must produce in order to enjoy. Wealth does not drop from the skies for any individual or any Nation. Reduce production, (Continued on Page 5) Fernandas & Co. wk© make Vat 19 have the largest stocks of Trinidad rum. From these vast supplies Fer­ nandas "blend together the finest aged, mature rum to make famous Vat 19. This accounts for Vat 19's smooth, mellow flavour and that's why experienced rum driuk- wy "Ah I Vat's better!" A F E R N A N D E S P R O D U C T INTERNATIONAL COFFEE Trinidad's quota under the International Coffee Agreement is reported to have been finally fixed at 43,560 bags of 132 lb each, making a total of 5,749,920 lb. out of a total world quota of 45,732,622 bags. This is the same amount which the Trinidad Government team, consisting principally of Mr. A. St. George Cooper, Technical Officer in Charge of Development in the Ministry of Agriculture and Sir Harold Robinson, President of the Agricultural Society, protested at the London Conference which concluded last week. With current coffee production estimated at approximately 8,000,- 000 lb. there were several very big and vital questions being asked in Trinidad coffee circles, this week. The biggest, of course, were these: In (implementing the International Agreement, is the Government going to purchase all of the surplus indicated between total production and our export quota? And if so, at what price? How is the quota going to be operated? What is our machinery for operating our quota under the Agreement? Who is going to bear the quota restrictions? "Surely, it cannot be the exporters, as it would be a case of 'first come, first served'. If this is done, it would be tantamount to exploita­ tion of the small farmers", com­ mented one of the country's e x p e r t a g r i c u l t u r a l i s t s , w i t h unique-experience of the market­ ing of major export crops. The large producers would, in such circumstances, be able to protect themselves by placing left-over stocks on the following year's quota. And they could, of course, wait for their money, he pointed out. "In South-American countries the quota restrictions", he went on, "are based on the producers in direct proportion to their individual production." Unfortunately, here in Trini­ dad, there has been no registra­ tion of coffee producers and no record of what each farmer has produced. There may be as many as 10,000 coffee farmers. It should be noted that Trini­ dad's total production next year is expected to be nearer to 10,000,000 lb., owing to the encouragement to coffee farmers given by the Government in the form of subsidies for new plant­ ings. Interviewed by "The NATION", Mr. Charles De Freitas, Manager of the Cocoa Industry Board, himself an experienced and By Agricola knowledgeable farmer, ventured to give some practical advice to coffee farmers. "In the absence of an increased quota, all coffee stand­ ing on lands more suitable for cocoa should be removed. Farm­ ers will then see a marked im­ provement in the production of their cocoa on those better lands", Mr. De Freitas advised. "This may off-set any loss they may suffer on their coffee", he said somewhat optimistically. "In other words, it would be unwise to produce more coffee, unless our quota is increased. Farmers should therefore inten­ sify coffee cultivation, so as to reduce the cost of production. They should lay off extensive cul­ tivation and concentrate on intensive cultivation," was Mr. De Freitas's practical advice. "One of the main causes of the low/acre-yield of our cocoa is the fact that Robusta Coffee is inter-planted in cocoa fields. And Robusta coffee offers cocoa severe root competition", Mr. DeFreitas explained. How does the quota operate? In the first quarter (October- December), exports are not to exceed 20% of the quota. In the second quarter (January-March), exports are not to exceed 60%; in the third quarter (April-June), exports must not exceed 80%, and the balance is exportable in the fourth quarter (July-Septem­ ber). The life of this International Agreement runs from October 1, this year, to September next year. *COCOA: The bottom has dropped out of the world cocoa market. There is still little or no interest on the UK and European Market in Trinidad's cocoa. Latest sales on the US market fetched 30Vz cents (US) per lb for our plantation cocoa and 30 cents (US) per lb for our estates cocoa. ST. GEORGE COUNTY COUNCIL: NOTICE: The Public is hereby notified that the section of road on Green Street, Tunapuna, Ward of Taca- rigua between Basilon Street and Balthazar Street, will be closed to through traffic from 7.00 a.m. on Monday 26th August, 1963 until further notice for the purpose of carrying out construction of a bridge over the "TUNAPUNA HOSPITAL DRAIN". A. C. DOLLY Chief Executive Officer, St. George County Council. mm Ms v- d ELECTRICITY IS OUR BUSINESS and our advice can save you money: Not only does T. & T. E. C. supply c u r r e n t w h i c h b r i n g s e l e c t r i c i t y t o i home but we sell too all the electl appliances you need to get the most ou modern living. It ig our duty to see all the electrical appliances you buy — they electric irons, kettles, fans, 'coofe refrigerators, washing machines (and we from dozens of makes and scores of mot are the best and most reliable applia we can supply. Come to us when you \ electrical appliances .... it will be worth your while. T&TEC Trinidad & Tobago Electricity Commission the people who know electricity best! Port of Spain Rio Claro San Fornando Scarborough The Economy of Trinidad and A Layman's Appraisal (Address to South Port-of-Spain Groups 7 & 8 delivered by Mr. B. I. Lalsingh on August 13, 1963) The subject I hope t.o speak upon, The Economy of Trinidad and Tobago: a Layman's appraisal, certainly, by the very wording, absolves me from any need to pretend expert knowledge in this field. At the same time I cannot help feeling, with the recent appearance of the Government, publication, Draft Second Five-year Plan 1964-1968, pre­ pared by our National Planning Commission under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister, that all I can say would be quite superfluous. That document is intended as Govern­ ment's blue-print of the economic development of the Nation over the next five years and may be considered as the essence of our economic philosophy. My purpose tonight is not t,o look so much to the future as to the past; and to take stock of the present. I should like first of all to briefly review the economic pattern of the country before the present era—that is, before the year 1956 which ushered in the present revolution, of Trini­ dad and Tobago's way of life. And we shall follow this by a brief appraisal—it can only be a very superficial one—one of the P.N.M Government's approach to the economic problems it had inherited. was of little consequence. There was little opportunity for local industry to flourish. In agricul­ ture, to quote the People's Charter, the accent was on the ' production of export crops like sugar and cocoa, in the raw state, for processing abroad." The P.N.M.'s economic pro­ gramme was a bold one — com­ prehensive and all-embracing — aiming at the maximum develop­ ment of the country. THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 5 Tobago SLAVERY AND INDENTURED LABOUR The story of Negro slavery and Indian identured labour must be too well known to an audience like yours to bear repetition. Slavery was abolished in name only in the year 1833; then another brand of slavery replaced it, some ten years later, in the form of indentured immigrant labour—the old slave ships ply­ ing the same trade, but under new* colours. The human cargo made allow­ ances for what might be spoilt on the long trip. The death rate on Immigrant ships bound for Trinidad was much higher than in the slave ships of the earlier days. And the fishes seemed to know it too. The wages- 25 cents a day—and the treatment meted out to him condemned the Indian indentured labourer to a life which was no better than slavery. It came to an end in 1917 but our economic pattern was never altered. The whole machinery of the state had been geared in one direction only — the exploitation of our land and the labouring Mr. B. I. Lalsingh population for the benefit of metropolitan interests, govern­ ment and private. According to a quotation in Dr. Williams's book. History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago, the colony was "but a great workshop rather than a miniature state." NEW APPROACH TO OUR ECONOMICS In January, 1956 the P.N.M. in its "People's Charter — a state­ ment of fundamental principles", summed up the results of the economic policy of the period it hoped to displace. There is no need to recapitulate the P.N.M.'s judgment of the situation as stated in this well-known document. The old order of things had never before been questioned. The vast wealth produced by Oil had been spirited away out of the country with little con­ cern even for the labour which made it possible. A faint gesture was made to the local man only after the 1937 unrest, but that SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES This is how one of our distin­ guished scholars, Mr. H. 0. B. Wooding, now Sir Hugh, our Chief Justice, extolled this new economic philosophy of the P.N.M. in a memorable speech to a Canadian audience—the Mount Allison Summer Institute — in 1957, under the title The West Indies Economy — I quote: "Among the specific objec­ tives which have been declared are: the maximum utilisation of all arable lands; the exten­ sion of drainage, reclamation and irrigation projects designed to bring more land under cul­ tivation; better land utilisa­ tion based on comprehensive soil and land-use surveys; expansion of agricultural credit facilities, extension services and mechanisation facilities; improving marketing methods with particular attention to refrigeration, standardization, grading and packaging, scienti­ fic training for farmers; encour­ agement of the co-operative movement as a means of improving peasant production, promoting thrift and fostering the spirit of self-help; encour agement aids to the oil indus­ try in its search for new sources of oil; encouragement of a chemicals industry based on oil and of agricultural indus­ tries based on sugar and its by-products such as bagasse; moderisation and expansion of the canning of vegetables and fruits; expansion of tlothing, building materials, furniture, light enginering and fertiliser industries; expansion of the fishing industry, forestry, the lumber trade and the furniture industry; development of ade­ quate hotel facilities and an extension of the road building programme with a view to promoting toiurism; and rea­ sonable incentives to indus­ trial production, including such financial aid as the tax holiday and factory construction, rea­ sonable but adequate protec­ tion for local products, and encouragement of consumption of local products including Government purchase in suit­ able cases." (1) THE DOCTOR SAYS . . . (Continued from Page 4) property of its citizens. In the skylark on the job, take twice final analysis, however, the con- as long to do a job and make it trol is exercised not by the Gov- cost twice as much—do any of ernment or by the police but the these things and in effect you citizens themselves. Make honesty reduce the total amount avail- the guiding principle of your able to be shared among the lives from this day forward. Let total number of people, you your ambition be the develop- don't pull your weight, and you ment of a Nation which, what- fatten at the expense of others, ever its limitations, is distin- TOGETHER IN PEACE guished in the eyes of the world Your rally here today is a good by the honesty and integrity of demonstration of our mixed its citizens. society. Some of you have ances- And so I say to you young tors who came from one country, people, forward to Independence Some of you profess one religion, Do not allow anyone to dis- some another, others a third or respect our National Flag. Do fourth. You in your schools have, not allow anyone to destroy one like the Nation in general, only single National Bird. Do not two alternatives — you learn to allow anyone to desecrate our live together in peace, or you National Anthem. They are your fight it out and destroy one Flag, your Birds, your Anthem, another. The second alternative it is your Nation, even more makes no sense and is sheer than it is the Nation of barbarism. The first alternative your parents. You are the is civilised and is simple common future; we are at best the sense. You, the children, yours present, at worst the past, is the great responsibility to educate your parents. Teach them PRIDE OF THE NATION to live together in harmony, the Tq your tender and loving difference being not race or hancls the future of the Nation colour of skin but merit only, js entrusted. In your innocent difference of wealth and family hearts the pride of the Nation is status being rejected in favour enshrined. On your scholastic of equality of opportunity. I call development the salvation of the upon all ol you young people to Nation is dependent. At the birth practise what you sing today and 0f our Ntaion, four of its lead- tomorrow, to translate the ideal jng personalities, four of the of our National Anthem into a people with the heaviest respon- code of everyday behaviour, and sibility for its guidance, in the to make our Nation one in Cabinet, Parliament and the which "ev ry creed and race find Judiciary, are scholarship win- and equal place. ncrSi educated abroad at the HONESTY expense or your parents, the tax- I give to you, the young payers: the Prime Minister, The I people, one additional principle Chief Justice, the Deputy Prime on which to base your lives for Minister and Leader of the the salvation of our Nation. This House of Representatives, and principle is honesty. In your the Leader of the Opposition, future career you will at some When you return to your classes time or other have responsibility after Independence, remember for money that is not yours, therefore, each and every one of whether your employer is the you, that you carry the future of Government of the country or a Trinidad and Tobago in your private firm. Every country school bags, makes special provision for the Good luck to you all, to your control of public expenditure parents and your teachers, and and for the protection of the t0 Trinidad and Tobago. ( ( 1 ) C a n a d a a n d t h e W e s t Indies: Speeches delivered at Mount Allison Summer Insti­ tute, August 8—10, 1957. Mount Allison University Publication No. 2, Sackville, N.B. Canada—pp. 46—47.) (To be concluded next week) DRAFT SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN 1964/1968 The Draft of the Second Five-Year Flan. 1964—1968 is now published for public comment- The Government invites public comment on the Draft Plan copies of which may be obtained (price 50 cents) at the Government Printing Office, 2, Victoria Avenue, Port-of- Spain, Warden's Offices, Municipal Offices, Post Offices and book stores. Any comments or objections with respect to this Draft Plan made by or on behalf of any person must be in writing and state:— ( a ) t h e s p e c i f i c g r o u n d s o f o b j e c ­ tions; and ( b ) t h e o m i s s i o n s , a d d i t i o n s o r modifications asked for; and must be addressed to the Head of the Economic Planning Division of the Prime Minister's Office, White­ hall, Port-of-Spain, in an envelope clearly marked "Draft Second Five- Year Plan, 1964 .1968." All such comments or objections must reacli the Head of the Economic Planning Division on or before 14t)i September, 1963, which is the last date for receipt of memoranda and not 15th August as stated in invita­ tions sent to many organizations. 0 000-00*0 0 00 00 0 0 • STATIONERY SUPPLIES for PRINTERS, OFFICES, SCHOOLS, ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, SURVEYORS, ARTISTS, ETC. •1 J.J.Beharry &Co. Wholesale & Retail Stationers 4 Charlotte Street, Phone 6583 (30-00 00X000000 000 0 0 J F U R N E S S H O U S E ARMITAGE WARE lor superb design and quality ARMITAGE bathroom equipment is available in blue, green, pink, primrose, white, turquoise and peony red. RICHARDS TILES in matching colours for FLOORS and WALLS, will give that finish to your bathroom. Page 6 • THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 The Draft Second Five-Year Plan COMMERCIAL POLICY Commercial Policy is a matter of fundamental importance for this country. There are several reasons for this. The first reason is the fact that the economy is dominated by foreign trade and changes in foreign trade arrangements be­ tween this country and other countries cannot but have important repercussions on our economic life. The second reason is the pos­ sibility of a change in our traditional trading relations with the United Kingdom as a result of the emergence of the Euro­ pean Common Market, the indefinite deferment of the Fourthly, and by way of extension of the third point, there is an ever-increasing number of new trading blocs coming into existence — the European Economic Community, ttrUaj v* . i- *• * the European Free Trade United Kingdom s application for . - .. . ,. u- a TiT a c Association, the Latin American membership, and the offer of Associate Status to the Common- . . ~ ,, . , wealth Countries of Africa and A™er Common Market, as the Caribbean, notwithstanding wel1 as a. P™jected number of the deferment of Britain's ne" groupln!f ,ln. Afnca' Asia „ , , ,. and even Australasia, application for membership. The third reason is the expressed desire of the Govern­ ment to work towards the creation of a Caribbean Economic Community, embracing initially the countries comprising the threats are being made by large now defunct West Indies Federa- and prosperous countries to tion, as well as the Dutch and reduce the inflow of our small French territories and British but growing volume of exports Free Trade Area, the Central Discriminatory Measures It is also a world where Guiana. San Fernando Borough Council POST OF ASSISTANT TOWN CLERK Applications are invited for Ihe post of Assistant Town CJerk of the Borough of San Fernando. Applicants must: (1) Be not less than 30 years of age; (2) Possess: (a) The Cambridge School Certificate Grade I. (b) G.C.E. Ordinary Level with passes in five sub­ jects including Eng­ lish Language and Elementary Mathe­ matics; (c) any other comparable qualifications; (d) sound knowledge of the Ordinance, Bye- Laws and Regulations providing for the good Government of the Borough of San 'Fer­ nando and for other purposes incidental thereto and of Local Government practice and procedure in gene­ ral; (•) administrative ability with particular refer­ ence to the control of staff and the co-ordi­ nation of the services of the several depart­ ments of the Corpora­ tion; (f) training in law is de­ sirable but not essen­ tial. The post is pensionable and the salary scale is $5040-240-$5760 per annum. Starting salary will depend on qualifications and ex­ perience. Normal leave facilities are attached to the post. Applications in sealed enve­ lopes, stating age, qualifications and experience together with two recent testimonials and the names and addresses of two referees, marked at the top left hand corner "Post of Assistant Town Clerk" must reach the Town Clerk at his office, Town Hall, San Fernando not later than 3.00 p.m. on 2nd. September, 1963. A. A. INNISS Town Clerk. Town Clerk's Office, Town Hall, San Fernando. of manufactures and where injustifiable discriminatory mea­ sures are imposed against our products. These are merely examples of the growing tendency of the world of international commerce to assume an increasingly hostile appearance to the developing countries—especially small ones. This is reflected in the growing dissatisfaction of the developing countries with the GATT. The final and perhaps most important reason is that the suc­ cessful development of a man­ ufacturing sector and hence the solution of our pressing employ­ ment problem is in large part bound up with our finding export markets for such products and our giving adequate protection to such goods in the local market. Our Balance of Payments of Central Banks Currency There is also another factor which must be taken into account in our commercial policy as a developing country — the need to safeguard our balance of payments. In the first place, a slowing down of the rate of growth of oil exports is antici­ pated. Secondly, the fact that the re-investment of oil profits which has hitherto played a crucial role in equilbrating our foreign balance may not always continue at the same rate, will limit our ability to manoeuvre in respect of balancing our international payments. Finally, a continued high rate of capital formation requires a high rate of imports of machinery and equip­ ment since we do not produce these here. From a monetary point of view, it may be argued that there is no real balance-of- payments problem for us, adher­ ing as we do to the Sterling Exchange Standard, which pre­ cludes any independence of action in the management of our mone­ tary affairs. This point of view will also stress that the estab­ lishment of the Central Bank will hardly make any difference to this situation in the immediate future; for the value of the new currency will be kept at par with and will continue to be auto­ matically convertible on demand into the pound sterling. But this analysis does not go far enough. For, to the extent that the commercial banks expand their local assets at the cost of reducing their sterling balances held in London, they will move nearer to a closed position; and in this way the monetary situation will become more susceptible to local control. With such control credit changes can become more independent of the balance of payments and can, in fact, influence it. Effect of Buying Local More fundamentally, there is in a sense a "hidden" balance-of- payments problem arising from the fact of a high level of foreign expenditures on food and "inessentials" «— such as consumer durables and foreign travel — co-existing with in­ adequate levels of domestic employment and production. This implies that to the extent that we divert expenditure from foreign inessentials to home pur­ chases (whether by the private or public sector), the greater will be the increase in domestic incomes and employment. What in other economies manifests itself in a balance-of-payments problem manifests itself here as a high rate of unemployment combined with expenditure pat­ terns which create employment in other conutries. Historically, the economy has been an "open" one — in the sense that there have been no serious restrictions on the level of imports, which has been very high in relation to the Gross Domestic Product. If develop­ ment is to continue on the basis of an "open" economy, there has to be a voluntary re-orientation in the composition of imports either through a higher rate of voluntary savings or through a greater concentration on buying locally-produced goods. The alter­ natives would be the adoption of fiscal measures designed to discourage the import cf "inessentials" or to limi t them through direct controls; and neither of these two alternative courses of action would be consistent with the maintenance of an "open" economy. Industrial Relations The policy of the Government has always been and remains that of encouraging free collective bargaining between employers and Trade Unions over the general terms and conditions of employ­ ment. In order that free collective bargaining should be achieved, workers must be free to join independent Trade Unions run on democratic lines and employers in turn are expected to negotiate with bona fide Trade Unions which are representative of the employees. ADVISORY COUNCILS As a result of recent discus- This policy is based on certain sions held between the Prime conventions of the International Minister and leaders of labour and business: in the country, a number of developments have taken place which hold out very cerning the freedom of good promise for further im- association and protection provements in the field of indus- of the right to organise. trial relations. The most import- (II) Convention No 98, con- °{ development, is that the Trade Union Movement has agreed to work towards a greater measure of unity by, Labour Organisation. These con ventions are : (I) Convention No. 87 con­ cerning the application of the principle of the right to organise. (IB) Convention No. 26, con- am0,n8 »ther th'n«s' fectln« cerning wage-fixing mac. amalgamates and reduction, in the number of individual unions. Second, plans have been formulated for the establishment hinery. In this process of collective bargaining the Ministry of Labour performs important func- a Labour College which will tions. Among these are : (I) encouraging collective bar NOBBEE'S your DRUG STORE 45 PARK STREET DIAL 6651 FOR DELIVERIES and PRESCRIPTION SERVICE provide training in industrial relations to Union members. : Third, the drafting of a compre- gaining by reporting after hensive Labour Code is being examination of Trade finalised. Union records and em- Fourth, it has been agreed ployers' payrolls on the that a Labour Advisory Council percentage of people who will be formed to advise the are bona fide members of Government of the Labour Move- Trade Unions; ment's point of view on all (II) arranging for conciliation matters affecting the economic between the parties by development of the country, providing the services of Fifth, steps have been taken trained Labour Officers; to set up a National Economic (III) providing, as a last resort, Advisory Council consisting of for arbitration between nominees from the Labour the two parties when Advisory Council, the Business called upon to do so; and Advisory Council and other (IV) arranging for the appoint- appropriate bodies to advise the ment of Commissions of Government and the National Enquiry in the event that Planning Commission on matters Arbitration should not of national economic and social prove feasible. development. Fight FLU with F L U M I D I N available at all leading Drug Stores OR AT ] * i bii'IILI & K I R P A L A N I ' S DRUG COUNTER The Approach to Solving the Employment Problem THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 7 . . . . W h a t e v e r m a y b e t h e c a u s e s o f t h e e m p l o y m e n t p r o b l e m and however great may be the difficulties, any failure to obtain ade­ quate job opportunities for the country's rapidly growing population constitutes a major social problem, and poses a major challenge for the population and the Government. So fundamental and involved a problem cannot, however, be solved in a very short period, nor can any lasting improvement of the situation be obtained on the basis of ad hoc stop-gap measures. It is for this reason that the employment problem of developing countries is inevitably seen as part of the whole complex of under­ development, and its solution as inseparable from the process of overall economic development. The employment needs of the country have therefore been con­ sidered, along with the economic needs, as fundamental to all as­ pects of this development plan. Since a permanent solution of the employment problem requires that the size of the modern sec­ tor be considerably expanded, a prime objective of the plan is to encourage such an expansion in every possible way. To this end investment must be greatly increased, and both local and foreign capital must be en­ couraged to invest in this sector. At the same time productivity and incomes must be raised in the traditional sector to limit an excessive flow of persons towards the modern sector before it can absorb them; hence efforts must be made to improve the output of small-farming and of small busi­ ness and self-employment. The level of general education and occupational skills must be improved and therefore education and training are given great im­ portance in the Plan. Similarly in every other aspect of the Plan the employment needs of the population have been taken into account. In addition short-term measures are necessary to help to alleviate pressing hardships." MEASURES TO ENCOURAGE ADDITIONAL EMPLOYMENT Since the normal process of expansion will not provide suffi­ cient employment to reduce the volume of unemployment, Gov­ ernment must take the initiative in encouraging even greater in­ creases in employment than could . normally be expected. Also it is imperative that whatever employ­ ment opportunities become avail­ able be shared in such a way as to provide benefit to the largest possible number of persons. In addition, those activities of Gov­ ernment in general, and of the Plan in particular, which aid in ensuring that the benefits of the country's economic growth are enjoyed not only by the employed or other special sections of the population, but by the population as a whole, assume even greater importance. Among the special measures proposed are :— (a) that every encouragement should be given to self-em- ployed persons particularly in Agriculture, Handicrafts, and in all other activities centred in rural areas. By this means not only could the too-rapid drift to the modern sector be slowed up, but a real and impor­ tant contribution to total output can be achieved; (b) that employers should be encouraged to introduce a shift system wherever there is scope for increasing out­ put. This will ensure not only more employment op­ portunities, but a fuller use of scarce capital. At the same time, the reduction, as far as is practicable, of over-time for such workers as normally enjoy a full day's work should be en­ couraged. (c) that both in Government and in private enterprise preference be given to la­ bour-intensive methods of production provided that costs of production are not unduly raised thereby; (d) that the system of part- time work should be used, especially on Government projects, to afford some employment to as many per­ sons as possible. This will also assist other objectives by giving some additional cash income to persons who are attempting to help themselves by self-employ­ ment in the traditional sec­ tor such as small farmers, self-employed artisans, etc.; (e) that Relief Programmes be set up aimed at offering relief employment to as large a number of persons as possible. To this end, special rates of pay may need to be paid to ensure a maximum work force with the available funds. Such relief work should be undertaken primarily only in connection with projects aimed at providing better community facilities. SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES While everything possible will be done to implement the mea­ sures set out at (a), (b), and (c) above, Government contemplates the following specific programmes in respect of (d) and (e): first, it will continue its Special Works Programme on a modified basis and will also give emphasis to the employment aspects of its development projects; second, it will study the introduction of a Special Relief Programme for un­ employed young people. An analysis of the employed in 1960 by age groups and sex show that a very high proportion of all the unemployed was be­ tween the ages of 15 to 24. It, therefore, becomes necessary to plan the special measures so as to take this fact into account. The measures incorporated in the Special Works Programme and in other parts of the Development Plan will alleviate conditions for the older age-groups and those with family responsibilities, while the Special Relief Programme will concentrate on the younger people. The Government proposes to spend §5 million over the next five years on Special Works Pro­ grammes. These have to be care­ fully planned, especially in agri­ cultural areas, where it is neces­ sary to avoid serious interference with agricultural production. The Special Works Programme is of great economic and social import­ ance. It is not a new type of pro­ gramme. In fact, the 1957 Interim Development Programme for Sugar Areas as well as the 1961 Crash Programme between them spread the benefits of employ­ ment over a wide area of the country. TEMPORARY JOBS Generally speaking, the Special Works Programme is a pro­ gramme of public works which is unequalled in value for perform­ ing the function of job creation at short notice, and includes such labour-consuming projects as the construction, maintenance and re­ pair of roads, drains and build­ ings. It is a means of providing temporary jobs for the un­ employed while the slower and more capital-intensive process of creating permanent jobs takes place. The new Programme will con­ tain m«ny new elements based on the lessons of past experience. Using the part time approach and a judicious selection of projects requiring a minimum of materials, it is intended to spread the bene­ fits over a very wide area, taking into account the need for season­ al employment. Moreover, as is common in the Relief Pro­ grammes undertaken in many other countries, special provisions may have to be made to ensure that priority is given, as far as relief work is concerned, to per­ sons most in need, e.g. the chief income-earner of families, or members of families with very little or no family income. SPECIAL RATES Finally, the question arises as to whether special rates of pay should be applicable to temporary workers on Special Works Pro­ grammes so as to spread the total amount of funds available over the largest number of workers. It is proposed that this should form the subject of dis­ cussions between representatives of Government and of the Trade Union Movement. The allocation of $5 million for building Access Roads to Agri­ cultural Areas will also provide the means of supplementing the incomes of farmers. Employment on this programme will be on a part-time basis and the other criteria mentioned above for selecting workers will also be applied. , Cadetships into the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force Vacancies Applications are invited for :— Two cadetships in the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment. Qualifications Candidates must be citizens of Trinidad and Tobago. Education All candidates must possess Five '0' Level passes in the GCE including English and a Mathematics t Science subject. Age Limits 18-24 years on 1st January, 1964. Physical All candidates must be physically fit and will be required to undergo a medical examination. Marriage All candidates must be unmarried. Applications Applications must be submitted on the appropriate form obtainable from fa) Defence Division, Ministry of Home Affairs, Knox Street, Port-of-Spain. (b) The Commanding Officer, Trinidad and Tobago Regiment, Port-of-Spain. Completed forms of Applications are to be submited to the Commanding Officer, Trinidad and Tobago Regiment, to reach him not later than Monday 2nd September. Commissions Board All qualified candidates will be called to appear before a Com­ missions Board, to undergo certain tests to assess their suit­ ability for cadetships on 16th, 18th and 19th September, 1963. LOOK FOR THIS SIGH YQil BEAT UNEMPLOYMENT YOU STRENGTHEN YOUR NATION r Page 8 • THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 Complete Laundry Service Trinidad Steam (llfl) Ltd. DEPOTS ISLANDWIDE Laundry In Government this week The new scientific dry-cleaning process with perchlorethylene means absolutely clean clothes DOES NOT HARM FABRIC • COST NO MORE THAN ORDINARY DRY-CLEANING CLOTHES STAY CLEANER LONGER • FREE FROM ODOUR FAMILY ECONOMY SERVICE; DAMP WASH — 10 lb. bundle—$1.00 or 10c. per lb. FLUFF DRY — 10 lb. bundle—$1.50 or 15c. per lb. 8-HOUR SPECIAL SERVICE Depots No. 1—Plant, E.M.Kd., Laven'.li. No. 2—Tragarele Rd., Nexrt to Strand No. 3—Western M. Rd., Sfc. James No. 25—Cor. Queen & Nelson Sts., P.O.S. No. 22—Ariapita Avenue, P.O.S. REPAIRED AT LITTLE COST at Trinidad Shoe Re-Nu Co., Ltd. 38 SOUTH QUAY — PORT-OF-SPAIN HOUSE TO HOUSE PICK-UP & DELIV­ ERY SERVICE Main Plant: Tel. 31336 WORN SHOES - M I L L E GRAND ANNUAL SALE NOW R ' S - GIGANTIC ON LADIES BANLON JERSEY .. WAS $ 8.75 NOW $4.50 TR1CEL PLEATED SKIRTS WAS 10.75 NOW 7.50 BIKINIS WAS 13.50 NOW 2 PIECE JEANS SETS WAS 10.50 NOW ODDS AND ENDS IN LADIES DRESS MATERIALS " WAS 1.50 NOW 69 CENTS PER YD. " WAS 1.95 NOW 85 CENTS PER YD. " WAS 2.40 NOW 95 CENTS PER YD. DRIP DRY MATERIALS IN DARK SHADES. STRIPE AND FIGURED WAS . . 1.50 NOW 95 CENTS PER SPECIAL LADY ELITE SHIRTS AND YA YAS WAS 5.25 NOW 2.95 GENTS DEPARTMENT CORDED COTTON PANTS WAS ITALIAN STYLED SHOES ALL SIZES 6 95 NOW 9.95 MILLER'S STORES LIMITED TRINIDAD & TOBAGO 8.50 4.95 YD. Mr. Reece Resigns The Secretary to Cabinet, Mr. L, A, Reece, went on pre-retire­ ment leave on Saturday. He will return about October 15 to take up the posts of Chairman of the Boundaries Commission and Chairman of the Elections Com­ mission. This was announced by the Prime Minister last Thursday night at a dinner given by the Cabinet to pay tribute to Mr. Reece as a hardworking, efficient, dedicated and loyal civil ser­ vant. an example to the Public Service generally in these early lays of Independence. The Prime Minister indicated that lie had discussed the new appointment of Mr. Reece with the Leader of the Opposition, Dr. Rudranath Capildeo, and that Dr. Capildeo fully approved of the appointment. "You could not pos­ sibly find a better man," Dr. Capildeo said. The Deputy Prime Minister presented Mr. Reece a parting gift on behalf of the Cabinet. National Village Conference The Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce is follow­ ing up the announcement last week of a National Conference of Village Organization to take place at Queen's Hall on September 16 to 19. The Ministry is inviting all Village Councils, Agricultural Credit Societies, Credit Unions, and Consumer or Marketing Co­ operatives to select a representa­ tive to attend the National Con­ ference. All registered organisations will be asked to give the following information : Name of organisation; the Vil­ lage in which it functions; the County in which the Village is situated, the date on which the organisation was established; the number of members in the organi­ sation; the date of election of the representative elected at the election; the name of the person elected as the representative and the status and position of the person elected.' This information must be signed by both the chairman and the Secretary of the organisation. Water for Villages Arising out of representations made to the Prime Minister dur­ ing the Meeting the People Tour, Cabinet has directed that pipe- borne water supplies be provided at an estimated cost of $107,640 in the following areas: — County St. Patrick — La Brea: Cemetery Street at a cost of $10,800 County St. Andrew-St. David— Matelot $15,840 Cumana Village: Chenenay St. $8,000 Upper Fos­ ter Road, William Trace $6,400. County St. George (East) — Arena Road, San Rafael Village $11,200; Cumuto Road $12,800; Brazil Village $21,800; Todd's Station Road, Talparo $20,800; The provision of pipe-borne water in these areas will benefit more than 900 persons. Surveys are to be made to de­ termine whether it is feasible to erect reservoirs for pipe-borne supplies for the following areas:' County St. Patrick — Striker s Village, Point Fortin. County St. Andrew-St. David — Caigual Village. County Caroni — Tortuga. NOTICE VACANT POST OF ACTUARY TRAINEE, FINANCE AND ECONOMICS DIVISION, MINISTRY OF FINANCE Applications are invited for appointment to a vacant post of Actuary Trainee in the Finance and Economics Division of the Min­ istry of Finance. This post is to be declared pensionable and carries a salary scale of $4800x120—5040x240—7200 per annum. 2. Partculars of this post are as follows :— Qualifications and Requirements : Minimum educational qualification is an honours degree in Mathematics or honours in Economics with Statistics or a diploma in Statistics acceptable to the Institute of Actuaries and exempting the holder from the preliminary examination for membership of the Institute of Actuaries. Age: 18 to 30 years. In special cases, consideration will be given • to candidates over 30. The successful candidate will be attached to the Actuary, and will be required to become a member of the Institute of Actuaries within four (4) years of the date of his appointment. To this end, he will be required to take a correspondence course from the Institute. Failure to make satisfactory progress in the course or to attain membership within the prescribed time will result in termination of the candidate's appointment. 3. Appointment will be subject to medical fitness and to the local Civil Service Regulations and Instructions for the time being in force. 4. Applications addressed to the Director of Personnel Administra­ tion should be made on the prescribed form obtainable at the Service Commissions Department, Red House, Port-of-Spain, and should reach not later than the 10th September, 1963. Tenders - Ministry of Health and Housing Tenders will be received up to 4.00 p.m. on 30th September, 1963 for the items listed on Schedule 1/64—Laundry Supplies 2/64—Sulpha Drugs 3/64—Antibiotics to the Ministry of Health and Housing. 2. Lists of requirements may he obtained on personal application to the Chief Supplies Officer, Ministry of Health and Housing, "Knowsley", Queen Park West, Port-of-Spain. Tenders should be addressed to the Chairman, Purchasing Committee, in sealed enve­ lopes marked "Tender—, 1/64" or as the case may be, and must be deposited in a Tender Box at the same address. 3. Quotations should be C.I.F. (duty free) plus any incidental charges (specified) which may be considered necessary in West Indian Dollars. Brochure or sample where necessary should be submitted with quotations. 4. All items are to be delivered to the Chief Storekeeper, Central Stores, Long Circular Road, Port-of-Spain. In all cases the delivery date of the item/items tendered for must be specified. 5. Tenders must be accompanied by a Certificate from the Com­ missioner of Inland Revenue to the effect that the person or persons tendering have complied with the Income Tax Ordinance to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Inland Revenue for the three (3) years immediately preceding the year in which the tender is being made. No tender will be considered which is not accompanied by such a Certificate. 6. Government does not bind itself to accept the lowest or tender. Sgd. V. NILES, for Chairman, Purchasing Committee, Ministry of Health and Housing. any RENT YOUR TV i r • i U u REDIFFUSION KING PURT-UF-SPAIN 24267 SAN FERNANDO 3320 ! More Development Funds from U.S. 4.I.D. gives Trinidad and Tobago another $8.5 M. Grants now total $25.5 M. $25-5 M. more to come in next 3 years. A grant agreement for US $5 m (WI $8.5 m) was signed at -Whitehall on Monday by Dr. Eric Williams, Prime Minister and Minister of External Affairs, and Mr. Robert G. Miner, Ambassador cf the United States of America. Tha new grant constitutes the second of five annual releases cf funds by the U.S. Agency for International Development (A.I.D.) available under the agreement signed in London on November 20, r 1962. Together, the five releases will total US $30m (WI $51 m). I Agreement on the first release of US $10 m (WI $17 m) was signed May 26, 1963. 1 Activities to be financed under — 1 th? two grant agreements in­ clude the following: 1. Construction and engineer- i ing supervision of Chaguara- mas Road. 2. Construction and engineer­ ing supervision of Liberal Arts College. 3. Port development at Port-of- Spain: Chaguanas-San Fer­ nando Road; 1 o w cost public housing; and such additional projects as may be agreed by both parties. Funding will be accompanied through Special Letters of Credit issued through a New York bank designated by the Govern­ ment of Trinidad and Tobago. Under the grant agreements, Government of Trinidad * and Tobago will be free to use the funds for procurement in the United States of goods and ser- ~~"~vices needed for activities which both Governments agree will further the economic and social development of this country. Alternatively, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago may make portions of the funds available to local firms to pay for U.S. goods and services imported in the normal course of trade. In rn, equivalent amounts of West Indian currency will be crcTJoVTT^ in a special account to be drawn upon by the Gov­ ernment of Trinidad and Tobago for developmental activities ac­ ceptable to both Governments. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago will prepare quarterly reports on the progress of such projects and the amounts drawn from the special account for their financing. The grant agreements incorpo­ rate standard provisions govern­ ing the terms and conditions of procurement with the A.I.D. funds, including a requirement that at least 50% of the gross tonnage of all goods so procured be transported in privately- owned U.S. flag vessels. The Gov­ ernment of Trinidad and Tobago will have major responsibility for planning and execution of projects with the role of the U.S. limited essentially to review of proposed projects, expendi­ tures and the progress of work. Apart from the other grants thus far provided under the two U.S.-Trinidad and Tobago Grant Agreements, A.I.D. has obligated nearly $1 m (WI $8,830,000) for economic development in Trini­ dad and Tobago since the U.S. A.I.D. Mission was established at Port-of-Spain in 1959. Under­ takings already far advanced include basic engineering and design for the Chaguaramas Road and Liberal Arts College, erection of a harbour ware­ house at Port-of-Spain, construc- THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 9 tion of facilities at Teteron Bay. for the National Guard, and a project to increase Port-of-Spai n's daily water supply by 900,000 gallons drawn from Tucker Valley. Two tugs and one floating crane with an estimated value of US $1.75m. (WI $3 rn) have been made available from U.S. sur­ plus and are now in use at Port- of-Spain; approximately 22 fork lifts and one mobile crane are expected shortly from the same source. To date, A.I.D. has provided training in the United States for 103 Trinidadians in a wide variety of developmental fields. As of August 1, over 700 Trinidadians had received train­ ing at the Chaguaramas Trade School which is operated co­ operatively by A.I.D. and the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. The grant monies specified in last November's agreement at London are in addition to the costs of foregoing activities, all of which are covered by prior year A.I.D. funds. Progress in these activities has recently brought a sharp up-turn in the Mission's disbursements, a trend which is expected to strengthen steadily in the next few months. IN TIME OF NEED CALL US J Even though your loss occurs «t some distant part we are ready to serve von at anv hour efficiently and with economy. CLARK & BATT00 LTD. Funeral Directors & Embalmers HEAD OFFICE It Trigarete Ro»d. Port-of-Spain Phones 7710, 35375 & 6633 BRANCHES: 13 Second Street. San Juan — Phone 91953 29 Royal Road, San Fernando — Phone 3488 N A T i O N A L C O U N C I L O F V I L L A G E O R G A N I S A T I O N S Village Organisations invited to the National Conference of Village Organisations to be held at Quetn's Hall, St. Ann's from September 16 to 19 are requested to supply the following particu­ lars to the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce : 1 Name of Organisation 2. Village 3. County 4. Date of establishment or organisation 5. Number of members 6. Date of election of repre­ sentative 7. Number of persons present 8 Name of person elected 9. Status and position of person elected. The last date for submitting Particulars, which must be signed Py the President and the Secre- 'ary. is September 9. „ Replies must be sent to the 1^eri?lanerR Secretary; Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Com­ merce. St. Clair Ciicle. Port-of- ' Pain, marked in the top right ,''and. corner of the envelope National Conference of Village ()rganisations". Steel Band & Calypsoes go well together. So do BP SUPER-TO-MEASURE gasoline which is made-to-mea­ sure for your own car and VISCO-STATIC the multi-grade oil which reduces wear and really pro­ tect your engine. So for better engine performance be sure to stop at the BP sign. The unbeatable combination — (IP Super-to-Measure & (J? V isco-Stat ic .RESEARCH KEEPS BP AHEAD Page 10 • THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 Antonio lor Nursery stakes By L U C K Y L O U The popular Santa Rosa Meet­ ing gets underway tomorrow with the Nursery Staxes for two- year-old horses, and here again it is difficult to pinpoint an out­ standing horse. It it well known that with these young ones, form is not the only factor to depend on. Temperament, and the ability to leave the gates, make a lot of difference. So far, those that have pleased at exercise and thus merit more than passing consideration are Antonio. Pensive, and Barbican, the southern hope. Antonio is a very speedy gelding and has been doing all that has been re­ quired of him. He gets my selec­ tion to win this five furlongs sprint. Rosebud is a good out­ sider . The Independence Trophy brings together the G2 lot, and here Ring O'Roses is due to break her maiden certificate. She has been galloping well but her performance) will depend on track conditions. She likes it on top of the ground. Broadway Bill looks like a safe place bet, with Sweet Eye, next best. The consistent Flying Contest should not find the going too hard at six furlongs tor the older Fs, and knowing that he acts on any kind of going, ihere are no doubts about his performance as far as conditions are concerned. Main opposition should come from Forest Wood, Tibet and Lady Diplomat. The improved Ted, looms as the one to beat in the Caribbean Ltd. Plate, since, apparently, he no longer angles wide on the turns. The speedy Diamond Frame is in with a more than ordinary chance, while Pythia should fill third berth. Aurelian is the best bet of the day, although the experts say that his ability to run a game mile is open to conjecture. I tip him to win easing up. The im­ proved Golden Nugget along with Touch and Go will be the main dangers. Tree Tops will be there if the track is firm. The Governor-General's Cup, for the guns, will surely lose a lot of interest if It is a fact that The Chiseller will not accept. This leaves the race for Bounty who is definitely staying on now. Simple Simon is the danger here, especially with the light impost of 106. Rebel should fill third berth. The Gl six furlongs race is one of the most open affairs on the day's card, and it will be more so if the going is soft. My selec­ tion is Desert Fox to win from Just In Case, with Kan Kan to follow. Welcome Gleam is a safe in­ vestment in Race 8. when the G2 and C3's run six furlongs. This filly has been galloping excep­ tionally well and will be hard to beat. The speedy Pandit should be at the finish with Hurrymint next. In the final event, I tip the rested Division Bell to win from Kashgar, with Red Curls as the best of the rest. Starting time is 1.00 p.m. Happy hunting to all. S E L E C T I O N S F O R F I R S T D A Y * Race 1. Antonio, Pensive, Bar­ bican. Race 2. Ring O'Roses, Broadway Bill, Sweet Eye. Race 3. Flying Contest, Forest Wood. Lady Diplomat. Race 4. Ted, Diamond Frame, Pythia. Race 5. Aurelian, Golden Nug­ get, Touch and Go. Race 6. Bounty, Simple Simon. Rebel. Race 7. Desert Fox, Just In Case, Kan Kan. Race 8 Welcome Gleam, Pan­ dit, Hurrymint. Race 9. Division Bell, Kashgar, Red Curls C A L I F O R N I A S P L I T Always Insist on . BESTCRETE BLOCKS " it o, frxttttfy, afou/is Get the Best for Less at ALLUM's BONELESS B E E F TENDERLOIN (FOR TENDER JUICY STEAKS) P E R L B . $ 1 * 6 9 ( S A V E 2 6 c . ) FAY 99 TOILET TISSUE i n B l u e • Y e l l o w • W h i t e ( M a d e i n T r i n i d a d ) 2 Rolls . . . 41c. "EVER FRES" GREEN PIGEON PEAS ( I D E A L F O R - I , i . . A Q _ ( S A V E 6 c . ) P E A S & R I C E ) * I " FRYING (save MO. CHICKEN 65c. ( 2 — 3 L B S . ) P E R L B A'lum's JJuper, J^arkets (J. T. ALLUM & CO., "LTD.) B E T T E R F O O D S — F I N E R S E R V I C E — L O W E R P R I C E S • S A N F E R N A N D O • C O U V A • M A R A B E L L A Cricket's Highest Summer Wisden will record that in 1963 the West Indies cricketers set the damp English summer aflame and thawed the hearts of English cricket lovers. It will be written that Wor­ rell, one of the greatest cricket captains of all time had under his command that greatest of all- rounders. the game's only com­ plete cricketer, Garfield Sobers; that he had two devastating match winning fast bowlers, Hall and Griffith, and that the latter could bowl with equally devas­ tating effect at two paces, fast and medium; that he had Lance Gibbs, the world's greatest off- spinner; that among his batsmen, led by the patient and immaculate opener Conrad Hunte, there were Rohan Kanhai the greatly gifted stroke player, Basil Butcher and Joe Solomon, all from British Guiana; that his wicket keeper, a mere slip of a lad just out of I, school brorke.- tile number of d i s m i s s a wicket in a single ser1®' ., But it may not be written that Worrell, as he did t w o yean; ago in Australia, was able to game out of its modern sci straight jacket and give i the older more'sportsmanlike m less elegant, flannels of Giac,. Jessop and their kind. In 1 ier <. words, he returned the game to And so West Indies hit the ball and scattered wickets up and | down the English counties with I zest and beat England with he 1 same elan, the same vehemence 3 as they beat Gloucester, Glamor-1 gan, Sussex and Surrey. Nor will it be written that Worrell is one of those rare men born to a destiny, ar.d his was, as a West Indian, to return the chivalry of "the invincible knights of old" to the playing fields of England and give to | "ye olde game of crickete" a new lease of life, not there alone, but throughout the cricket Common­ wealth. FOR SALE BUILDING LANDS AT t h e O R C H A R D OMEARA ROAD, ARIMA ( 1 M I L E F R O M I N D U S T R I A L E S T A T E ) Residential Lots of 5,000 Sq. Ft. & O v e r a t 40c . p e r s q . f t . CASH or TERMS P H O N E : 2 2 3 1 6 — 1 0 3 L O N G C I R C U L A R R O A D READY FOR THE JOB Short Rubber Boots your best friend, on the FARM ! in the FIELD! in the FACTORY! on sale throughout the Caribbean Caribbean Agents: CENTRAL CARIBBEAN DISTRIBUTORS LTD. 1 8 — 2 0 P E M B R O K E S T . P . O . S . See theflests buy t V The Tests areextralto^top entertainment which gives'you every night. Printed by the .£.N.M. Publishing Co., Ltd., for The NATION, 90 Frederick Street. LEADERS OF OUR NATION The Chief Justice, Sir Hugh Wooding The Prime Minister, Dr. Eric Williams The Governor-General — Sir Solomon Hochoy The Leader of the House and Deputy P.M., Dr. Patrick Solomon Our flag—flying at Chaguaramas THE TRINIDAD & TOBAGO COAT OF ARMS The Leader of the Opposition, Dr. R. Capildeo The Attorney General, Mr. G. A. Richards The President of the Senate, Mr. Hamilton Maurice The Speaker, Mr. C. A. Thomasos THE NATION * SPECIAL INDEPENDENCE SUPPLEMENT The Second Five-Year Plan Almost immediately after the Anniversary Indepen­ dence Celebrations, the peo­ ple will begin to examine their Draft Second Five-Year Plan which, after the discuss­ ions at Queen's Hall, will be nut, before the House of Representatives for debate when the House reconvenes in October. The Draft was compiled by the National Planning Com­ mission of which the chair­ man is the Prime Minister and the deputy chairman, the Minister of Finance, Mr. A. N. R. Robinson. There are 7 other members including the Minister of Petroleum and Mines, Mr. John O'Halloran, the Minister of Labour, Mr. Robert Wallace, the Minister of Agriculture, Mr. L. M. Robinson and the chairman of the IDC, Mr. David Wein- traub. In the foreword to the Draft Plan, Dr. Williams writes in part : The development of our hurrian resources cannot be divorced from the fullest pos­ sible utilisation of the econo­ mic resources of the country. Whilst oil must continue to bo the basis of the country's economic viability and politi­ cal stability, our economic development must hereafter be consciously based on the strengthening of the econo­ mic sectors outside of oil, principally manufacturing and agriculture, and the abandonment of the mercan­ tilist philosophy. We must seek to produce, as far as possible, the commodities, whether food or manufac­ turers, hitherto imported and paid for out of the earnings of the oil industry. The country, therefore, has no choice when it comes to the question of attracting in­ vestment, whether foreign or local, into our economic de­ velopment. Our aim must be a frank and fruitful co­ operation between Govern­ ment and private enterprise, not merely in respect of the achievement of certain pro­ duction targets, but also for the satisfaction of the social aspirations and objectives of the Government representing the population of the coun­ try. This is the philosophy which underlies the Second Five-Year Development Plan as it is submitted for public scrutiny, comment and dis­ cussion prior to its imple­ mentation year by year. What touches all must be approved by all. Together we must aspire to what only together can toe hope to achieve. ERIC WILLIAMS Prime Minister | =f After the Celebrations J Page 2a • THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 THE EVOLUTION OF PAN Ever since the old days of the "Tamboo Bamboo" there was in existence the competitive spirit among the various groups such as Laventille, Hell Yard, John John, New Town, Calvary etc., that formed the then popular Tamboo Bamboo Bands. Compe­ titions were held between these bands on Carnival days with the winners and runners up receiv­ ing most treasured prizes of a few bottles of Rum. The "Tam­ boo Bamboo" not being an instru­ ment from which melodies could have been obtained, the beata»s as well as the non-b&ting play­ ers sang local songs such as "Fire Brigade Water the Road", "Bournes Road Bury Buller for me" to the rhythmic accompani­ ment of Tamboo Bamboo. Paint pans, biscuit drums and motor car iron hubs replaced the Tamboo Bamboo some time in the mid 1930's, and this compe­ titive spirit continued, the only difference being the beaters of the paint drums getting some sort of musical sound out of the drums after they were burnt. In the early 1940'$, steel drums much larger than the paint drums and much smaller than our present day drupis 1 from which steelband instruments are made, replaced the paint drums. These steel drums were made into steelband instruments then ca|led .Grumbler^, Kettles etc., rr.d the competitions continued. At this stage the singing of the beaters and the ' non-beating players went off the scene and winners at competitions were decided on the basis of what the judges regarded as the best rhythmic grumbling of the pans which had quite a few different notes but no organized melody. A year or so later Bugles were introduced but they did not last for very long. Around the mid 1940's came our present day steel drums from which instruments were made. They replaced the small­ er steel drum. From these (though they were* not tuned as our pans today) a number of popular tunes could have been played although these pans had only about half of the notes you may now find on pans. Competitions were then organ­ ized by individuals at places such as Mucurapo Stadium and Skin­ ner's Park and at these compe­ titions, cash prizes were given to the bands that played the best tune. The Trinidad Music Associa­ tion then introduced a Steelband class in their bi-annual Music Festivals. For these Music Fes­ tival competitor were given a set test piece to play but were permitted also to play a tune of their choice. So as to have only seven steelbands and seven ping pong soloists appearing at the Finals for which European adjudicators were brought to Trinidad, a series of prelimina­ ries, quarter-finals and semi­ finals had to be held. Steelbands were permitted to play two tunes of their choice as no set test piece was given. It was discovered by the Offi­ cers of the Steelbands Associa­ tion charged with the responsi­ bility of holding these prelimi­ naries, that very few steelbands if any, played tunes composed locally by Trinidadians or To- bagonians, as tunes of their choice. It was also discovered that even on Carnival days Steelbands were rearranging into Calypso tempo, foreign classics which the Association felt was not in the best interest of Carni­ val and the calypsonians who contributed to Carnival. To put an end to this, rules were drawn "TOGETHER WE ASPIRE, TOGETHER WE ACHIEVE*' WE HAVE LIVED IT, WE HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL FOR WE HAVE ACHIEVED IN OUR FIRST YEAR OF INDEPENDENCE MIGHTY SPARROW up in 1958 by the S'eelband As­ sociation and the 'Carnival De­ velopment Committee that steel­ bands should play calypsoes only, at the Steelband Associa­ tion Show held annually on the Friday night before Carnival, and at the Carnival Development Committee Steelbands Competi­ tion held on Carnival Mondays and Tuesdays. In January 1963, the officers and members of the General Council of the National Associa­ tion of Trinidad and Tobago Steelbandsmen (formerly the Steelbands Association) decided chat since we are an independent people on equal par with other independent people, it would be good for us to bring to the at­ tention of persons in the outer world that Trinidad being the birth place of steelbands and her boys the masters and authority of the art, to let these persons know at the same time of other talents we possess with special emphasis on our song writers. We thought the best way and time to do this was in the form of a competition among steel­ bands during the time of the celebration of our Independence Anniversary. The officers and members of the General Council of the As­ sociation decided then to start such a Festival as from 1963 with no Steelband being permit­ ted to play any tunes unless (Continued on Page 11a) CONGRATULATIONS from j E V E ' S F A N C Y S H O P . 78-80 Frederick Street, Port-of-Spain « 0S0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0̂ 0-0 00 0010̂ 00000'i $ 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 j f ; I A nation builds with the BEST ! ; B E S T C R E T E I l CONCRETE MASONRY BLOCKS Best wishes to all citizens on the first anniversary of our Independence. BESTCRETE LTD. 31 Charlotte St., P.O.S. OVER 61 VARIETIES, BUILDING & DECORATIVE BLOCKS AT THE CHEAPEST PRICES % 0 0 o « 0̂ 0000 0:00*00 00*000 0 0x00*000-0*00 ' j i > t i r w r 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 wherever you build- GUI" of Paris! LADIES! ... We've got 2 the finest, loveliest LINGERIE j by "GUI" of Paris—they are all top quality and so beautiful . . . come in today! • SHORTIE NIGHTGOWNS in Nylon /Lace Trim Sizes: 32 & 34 — $22.75 • LONG GOWNS — (Pleated, Lace Trim) in White, Blue Assorted Sizes — $39.50 • NYLON BIKINI PANTIES — (Plain and Lace Trim) in White, Black, Pink Assorted Sizes — From $2.75 • NYLON WHOLE SLIPS in White, Pink Sizes: 32 to 36 From $8.50 • NYLON WHOLE SLIPS Sizes: Small, Medium, Large $6.75 D PAM-AM FREE TRIP KememDer . . . T O B A R B A D O S e n d s TODAY! Do your shopping early today and get a chance for a trip to Barbados FREE by PAM-AM NOW!! . . . with CLAYBLOX THE STORE WHERE QUALITY COMES FIRST! TRINIDAD • CLAY PRODUCTS LTD. J 44 - 46 South Quay, Tel. 31726. jjj *CLAYBLOX is the name given to the structural clay % building blocks made by Trinidad Clay Products Ltd. jjj Agents : ALSTONS LTD. | •0 0 0 00000 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 00 00S00& Looking back (A, tribute to the late Spoiler by the late Attila the Hun) Looking round for some way to pay a tribute to our calypsonians (our foremost entertainers) in our Special Independence Issue, we were fortunate enough to dis­ cover a tribute to one of the great dead calypsonians written by a great dead calypsonian. A tribute to Spoiler by Attila the Hun. Nothing could be better. This, we think, is part of the pure gospel of calypso. "Spoiler! This is the Spoiler!" (Spoiler's battle cry) It was during some season in the middle forties that Theo- philus Phillip came down to Port-of-Spain from Princes Town and launched his career as a Kaisonian under the sobriquet of "The Mighty Spoiler." In those days I used to be the Manager of the Victory Calypso Tent which was run at St. Vin­ cent Street. As was customary with every new kaisonian whose reputation had not preceded him, the Mighty Spoiler recom­ mended himself as one who on greatness and myself, merely smiled, for many had been the careers that had been spoiled and broken on the first night in Port-of-Spain. But we, or rather I, as Mana­ ger, had no choice. I was bound by the established tradition of the Calypso Tent, the tradition that any new kaisonian, no mat­ ter where he came from, could invade any kaiso tent and de­ mand the right to sing and it was for the audience to decide. CHARLIE CHAPLIN May this tradition long live in our Tents since without it many a kaiso career would never have begun for "Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, and waste its sweetness on the desert air." So I announced the new aspi­ rant to Kaiso fame. I do not re­ member now what he sang but the response of the audience was instantaneous, vociferous and climactic. The Charlie Chaplin of Calypso had arrived and been acclaimed. But we did not know it then. It took a few seasons for every one to realise — kaiso confreres and kaiso fans — that this would 'take town by storm'. The imaginative wizard from Princes older calypsonians in the Tent, Town was exploiting a complete- ENJOY CARIB brewery fresh the beer of Trinidad inidad \ 0 0,0 0 0 0.0.00:*0j We Congratulate the Govern­ ment, and People of Trinidad and Tobago on its 1st Anniver­ sary of Independence. • ALFONSO B. DE LIMA MANAGING DIRECTOR T'dad. Jewelry Ltd. THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 3a • ';T . MIGHTY SPOILER ly new field in thematic material. For what did he sing as the years rolled by? I take his compositions at random as I recall xhem, not in chronological order: "Ugly Girls with lovely names" the chorus of which runs "Because ah see some hog face girls name Bar­ bara, some broad nose ,ones name is Eleanor, walch some of them again they ugly as sin, yet their name is Patricia and Made­ line". "Princess Elizabeth Wedding" at which he enjoyed "crab and callaloo" and even "female mani- cou". "Barbados Carnival" in which we first see how the art of appropriate gesticulation can be employed to high-light music rnd lyric "with the Emaline, Femaline your body trembling. Whips see mama in she zoo-goo- loom-zoo ." You might remember the time when "de Spoiler had the privi­ lege to go to college" and what happened as he related his ex­ periences with spelling "K-a-a- 0:000:0000 Trinidad and Tobafo Coast Guard Vacancies: Applications are invited for the following vacancies in th< Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard : Numbers Category Required Seamen 15 Mechanical Artificer 1 Mechanics 5 Electricians 2 Cooks 2 Writer 1 Qualifications Candidates must be citizens of Trinidad and Tobago. Education Candidates must be in posses­ sion of a School Leaving Certi­ ficate or its equivalent. Age Limits Candidates must be between the ages of 18 and 28 on 1st September 1963. Physical All candidates must be physically fit and will be re­ quired to undergo a medical examination. Applications Applications, stating name, address, age and category applied for are to be addressed to The Commanding Officer, Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard, Port-of-Spain, to arrive not later than 7th September, 1963. Applications arriving after this date cannot be considered. Men who have already applied need not do so again. Recruitment Applications will not be acknowledged but all qualified candidates will be called before a Recruiting Board to undergo certain tests to assess their •suitability for enlistment. Success­ ful candidates will be required to enlist for an initial period of six years. e-y-u-a-1 is Carnival, k-a-t-t-y- d-ra-1 is Cathedral"! or when he reminded us that "Tarzan aint de Tarzan of long ago". Since by the time he was singing about him "Tarzan" (in the person of screen star Jonny Weismuller) was wearing Jacket, wristwatch etc. and even thinking of going up for election. Or let us take his more cele­ brated and memorable numbers, his "Bed Bug" with which he won the Calypso Crown in which he told us he would elect to come back to earth after death as a Bed Bug to "Bite dem young ladies pardner, like a hot dog or a hamburger" and how careful he was to disclose the particular type of young ladies that would attract him. Then there was his "Pick sense out of nonsense", "Police Woman", "Fountain of Youth", "Me Twin Brother". But most outstanding of all in my view was his composition "Cat Brain" in which he related a story about his sister who had the misfortune under an opera­ tion of having her human brain substituted by that of a cat's brain and how deftly did he des­ cribed to us the transformation that took place in tlie behaviour of his sister on the one hand and that of the cat on the other. "Dumb Concert in Paris" and "Laughing Man" are two peerless gems in each of which the chorus is devoted almost entirely to mime and gesticulations. How he ever managed to finish his "Laughing Man" with his audi­ ence in fits of laughter after the chorus at the end of the first verse is still a miracle to me. It was with such songs that Spoiler won his way into the hearts of all and sundry, rich and poor, young and old. And I remember well that after the Young Brigade had broken away from the Old Brigade in the iate forty's whenever I got Spoiler to sing with the Old Brigade we were sure that we would break even in competition between the two tents. INTERNATIONAL FOODS LTD. PREMIER FOOD PACKERS OF TRINiDAD & TOBAGO Extend greetings to all farmers, customers & citizens on the 1st Anniversary of INDEPENDENCE • Enjoy EVER-FRES brand Green PIGEON PEAS GROWN LOCALLY • PACKED BY I.F.L. 39A, Wrightson Rd., P.O.S. Tel. O R I E N T A L P A L A I S OUR FREDERICK STREET PROPRIETOR . 5T Famous for . . . Tourist Attractions, and Antiques • Extends the Warmest congrat­ ulations to the Government on their First Year of Independence • 82-84 FREDERICK STREET, PORT-OF-SPAIN T.S.L. "YOUR CLOTHES BEST FRIEND" With DEPOTS ISLAND-WIDE Extends best wishes to citizens of Trinidad & Tobago, on the first anniversary of their INDEPENDENCE ! Trinidad Steam Laundry (1961) Ltd. Eastern Main Rd., Laventille • COMPLETE LAUNDRY SERVICE • MODERN SHOE-REPAIR SERVICE Page 4a • THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 ...wiil find, working side by side with them, men like these, from Texaco... providing a vital foundation for the economic well-being of our country. Dr. Michael Beaubrun on Our Mental Health Services There are today 1,070 patients at the St. Ann's Hospital. This makes it far the biggest hospital in the island, in fact about as big as the Port-of-Spain and San Fernando General Hospitals put to­ gether. Last year alone we admitted 1,546 patients and we dis­ charged 1,414. Eighty-nine patients died in that year. So that the total discharged and died about equalled the total admitted. The hospital population increased by just 43 patients. This represents a very high rate of turnover and testifies to the enormous amount of activity which goes on at St. Ann's unknown to most members of the public. There has been a considerable change over the years from the idea of custodial care to the newer concept of community Mental Health which calls for an active treatment programme, early discharge and efforts to rehabilitate the patient and keep him in the community, if pos­ sible in gainful employment. We also seek now to treat patients earlier; even before they come to hospital, so there has been a great increase in the accent on Out- Patient Clinics and Psychiatric Social work which I will deal with later on. no stigma But before I leave the subject of the statistics for admission and discharges from hospital I would like to try to dispel a popular misconception which bedevils us and which serves to make it difficult for us to get rid of the stigma which is still attached to entering a Mental Hospital for treatment. I refer to the idea that mental illness is essentially chronic and to the attitude of hopelessness this idea begets. Consider our discharge figures again. We discharge pretty nearly as many people as we admit and the total number of discharges in a year almost equals the entire hospital popula­ tion. In fact our discharge rates are better than the General Hospitals. Relatively few people die in a Mental Hospital and so the ratio of discharges to admis­ sions is, believe it or not, better than for the General Hospitals. This is all very well, you will say, but many of these dis­ charges come back. This is true to some extent so let us look at it from that angle. Of the 1546 admissions more than half were first admissions. To be exact 796. Three hundred and twenty-nine were second admissions and 183 third admissions. After that the numbers fall off steeply so that really a very small handful of the total admissions were patients who had been in more than twice before. Why then does this impression persist in the public mind? I believe that the answer lies in the fact that, as I have said before, relatively few people die in Mental Hospitals. In a General Hospital you either get better or die, while at St. Ann's you either get better or become chronic. And though the majority get better, or well enough to be returned to the community, the small numbers who do not, gradually accumulate and fill the hospital so that the visitor who comes sees a major­ ity of chronics. He cannot see those who are not there. They have got better and gone home. Our failures are constantly on view in this manner while our successes have long gone home. Try to remember this when next you visit St. Ann's. Try to remem­ ber that the vast majority of the people we have treated are in the community and you will develop a more hopeful and a more realistic attitude to Mental Illness. 13 doctors The Mental staff of St. Ann's Hospital consists as of today, of 13 doctors, of whom six are full time officers and seven are part time. Three of the part time officers are physicians who treat physical illness only and do no Psychiatry. The other ten carry out not only the psychiatric care of patients in hospital but also staff the out-patient clinics held at the General Hospitals in Port- of-Spain, San Fernando and Scar­ borough and the follow up clinics at St. Ann's. The senior psychiatrists also serve as consul­ tants to the Prisons and occasion­ ally to the courts and are allowed to serve as private consultants to doctors in general practice. Other Mental Health personnel at St. Ann's include a heavily burdened Department of Psychia­ tric Social Work, 2 Occupational Therapists, 2 teachers of the Mentally Handicapped, a Sister Tutor and three Clinical instruc­ tors and a large well trained staff of mental nurses both male and female. In keeping with modern trends in psychiatry out-patient clinics have grown considerably and serve to keep down the growth of the Mental Hospital population. There are six out-patient sessions held every week and an additional one every month in Tobago. Psychiatric out-patient clinics are run by us at the Port-of-Spain General Hospitals on Tuesdays for women and children and Fridays for men from 2.00 to 4.00 p.m., and at the San Fer­ nando Hospital every Wednesday from 9.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon. The one in Tobago is held on the first Friday of every month at the Scarborough Hospital from 9.00 a.m. These clinics which are diagnos­ tic and treatment clinics are very crowded and appointments must be made in advance for them. If you want to be seen by a psychia­ trist at one of the clinics you must get a letter from your doc­ tor and make an appointment through the office of the Superin­ tending Medical Officer, St. Ann's. The appointments are usually made by the Senior Psychiatric Social Worker, who can be got in touch with at the St. Ann's Hos­ pital on most days. The clinics are entirely free. alcoholics In addition to these clinics there is an Alcoholism Clinic held every Tuesday afternoon at St. Ann's from 2.00 to 4.00 p.m. Referral to this clinic should be from your familv doctor but we also see people there sent by recognised agencies such as the Alcoholism Information Centre on Sackville Street, run by the Mental Health Association, and the many groups of Alcoholics Anonymous. There are also separate Male and Female follow-up clinics held on Thursdays at the St. Ann's Hospital. These are only for patients who have been dis­ charged from St. Ann's. Appoint­ ment slips are given them on their discharge along with any medicines they may require. These clinics are staffed by- doctors and psychiatric social workers from St. Ann's and the Port-of-Spain clinics also make use of St. Ann's Mental nurses. Total clinic attendances in 1961 were 8.315 and 1962 11,483 and they continue to grow despite measures to curtail them. Month­ ly attendances have in the past few months been at the rate of about a thousand a month. This is too heavy a case load particu­ larly for the small number of Psychiatric Social workers, whose job it is to take detailed social histories, do home visits and generally provide the link with the patients' family and environ­ ment so necessary in the practice of psychiatry. three ways of admission Whenever possible we prefer patients to be seen at Psychiatric Clinics at an early stage of their illness when they can be treated at home but when a patient needs hospitalization there are three ways in which you may go about it. Under the existing Mental Treatment Ordinance a patient may be admitted to St. Ann's in one of three ways :— 1. As a Voluntary patient. This is the way the majority of THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 5a ] patients come to us. The patient of the Prisons. Such a prisoner merely comes up to the hospital if found to be mentally ill on ex- and signs a slip requesting ad- amination by a psychiatrist can mission. If he cannot write, his be sent to St. Ann's for treat- thumbprint, is acceptable. Some- ment under a Governor-General s one else then signs as a witness Warrant at the request and the patient is admitted by a member of the medical staff with no more fuss. His discharge is accomplished as easily on his own signature. He must however be willing to sign. A relative cannot sign for him except in the case of children under 16 and then a letter from a doctor is required as well asking that the patient be admitted. 2. As a Fully Certified patient. Here a magistrate and a doctor are required. The doctor must examine the patient and fill in the detailed form provided and the magistrate completes the certificate. Most certified patients come to us via the Observation Wards of the Port-of-Spain, San Fernando and Scarborough Hos­ pitals. They are admitted to the Observation Ward by a relative, friend or public spirited person going before a magistrate and swearing an Informant's Order to the effect that he suspects and believes that the patient is of un­ sound mind. On the magistrate's signature the patient is then ad­ mitted to the Observation Ward and there seen by a doctor who, if he thinks it necessary, fills in the particulars and the certificate is completed by the magistrate in the usual manner. A certified patient cannot take his own discharge. He has to be discharged by the Superintending Medical Officer, St. Ann's, on the recommendation of the psychia­ trist in charge of the case. Such a patient is usually discharged on trial in the care of a relative. The trial period can be for six months or a year, during which, if he should relapse, he may be brought back with no more for­ mality. 3. Temporary Certificates. A patient may also be admitted to St. Ann's on the authority of two doctors one of whom must be a District Medical Officer. This method of reception enpowers the Superintending Medical Offi­ cer to keep the patient in hospi­ tal only for six months at the end of which he must be dis­ charged or the certificate re­ newed for a further six months. It cannot however be extended longer than the second six months. Patients under temporary certificates can be sent on parole for short periods not exceeding 30 days but cannot be discharged on trial. Once discharged they are no longer under the hospi­ tal's care and, if re-admission is required, the procedure has to be gone over again. There is a fourth method of admission but this concerns only prisoners who are detained at one of the Ministry of Home Affairs. new Mental Health Act All that I have just said relates to the existing ordinance but we have drafted a new Mental Health Act which, though it has had a first reading, has not yet been passed into law. The new Act would make what I have just said absolete and, if accep­ ted, would make these procedures even simpler making Mental Hos­ pital admission almost like en­ tering a General Hospital. I have not told you anything this evening about the internal functioning of the St. Ann's Hos­ pital itself because that is not the purpose of this broadcast, but be­ fore I close I would like to give you a glimpse of the continuous programme of activity there. There is a planned programme of Occupational Therapy under two trained Therapists including Handicraft and Art classes; a tailor shop, sewing room, carpen­ ters shop and blacksmith shop. There is also a fairly full recre­ ational programme with regular weekly cinema shows, meetings, games and a Patients' Club run en- by the patients them- and a monthly Hospital Magazine to which patients con­ tribute articles. All of this is a part of therapy or treatment in a Mental Hospital as it all con­ tributes towards getting the patient better. problems There are things about our hos­ pital which are good and other things which are not so good. Our chief problems are over­ crowding and understaffing in that order, but we have a com­ prehensive and forward looking out-patient programme; we have a Nurses Training School which is second to none in the Carib­ bean and an Alcoholism Treat­ ment Centre which is envied by the other Caribbean Territories. We would like you the mem­ bers of the public to become more familiar with your Mental Hospital and what goes on there so that you may be better able to help us and to use the facili­ ties we provide in an effective way. Visiting days at the Hospi­ tal are Sundays, Mondays and Thursdays and we invite those of you who are interested in know­ ing more about your hospital to get in touch with me or with the Matron or Chief Male Nurse so that we may have the opportu­ nity of showing you your hospital. twice sports weekly tirely selves; CONGRATULATIONS from £ •fe 75, 77 Queen Street, •fe 18 Frederick Street, P.O.S. ^ 112 High Street, 96-98 Coffee Street, San Fernando. Ilii= | Page 6a • THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 Folklore of Trinidad and Tobago By J. D ELDER Until very recently the culture of the Caribbean area was assessed only in terms of European civilisations and interest in it by the very few researchers who thought otherwise was due only to its being regarded as "back-ward" or inferior. Furthermore, many West Indians themselves refused to accept as fact that there was anything as a West Indian culture. Of course, this was due to unpro­ fessional, unenlightened and primitive methodology in use by students of and writers upon Caribbean social phenomena and to the absence in the area of serious students of anthropology. Even today, when a con­ siderable area in the field of cultural anthropology has been covered, when the technology of enquiry has been improved, though not perfected, when numerous works on the subject are available and facilities for study exist more than there ever was, there is still evidence of the "closed mind" attitude to and bigoted ignorance of the nature of the Caribbean popular culture. Therefore at a time like this, when with political auto­ nomy an accomplished fact for the people of Trinidad and Tobago, we are under obligation to establish some form of cul­ tural identity as a means of establishing our nationality among world nationals, it is to folklore we must turn for those cultural elements that constitute nation­ hood. EARLY RESEARCH It is apposite to recommend for attention the efforts made by individuals and organisations to study systematically the folk­ lore of Trinidad in the past few years. These efforts fall roughly into:— (a) the jottings and notes of Christian missionaries as they observed what they described as pagan and heretical practices and customs among their flock. (b) The deliberate recordings of administrators, police records, and legislation dealing with social customs and practices of the people. For example:— Fraser: "Origin of Carnival". Briefly: "Calypso". Inniss: "Trinidad and Trinidadians". Borde: "History of Trinidad". Carmichael: "History of Trinidad". Herskovitz: "Trinidad Village". Espinet: "Trinidad, Land of Calypso". (c) Archival material and ac­ counts in old newspapers: Water Riots — 1903 Belmanna War — T856 Arouca Riots — 1886 Cannes Brulees Riot— 1881 Hosein Riots — 1884 (d) U.W.I. Extra Mural Depart­ ment researches — 1950-1953 (e) Folk Lore Society field notes — 1952-1957 CATEGORICAL ANALYSIS "Folk is used to mean the rural layer of a human commun­ ity, the broad base upon which the urban and semi-urban layers fall, the custodians of the cul­ tural raw material, the "grass roots" of the nation as the Americans say. All Folk-lore may be analysed into knowledge and skills thus:— (i) Technical Crafts — Paint­ ing and decorating of tools, dwellings and equip­ ment. (ii) Arts—Dance and music making. Versification on domestic subjects. Folk poetry. (iii) Behaviour Codes — Wor­ ship before gods, the "powers", and ancestral spirits. Social control by customs, ritual, etc. (iv) Folk Music and Dance— Recreational, ritual, re­ ligious and secular. Utili­ tarian (work songs, cult, ceremonial, and secular dances and their organisation). (v) Folk Customs — Cookery, medicines, behaviour-pat­ terns in crises—death, famine, trouble, pest­ ilence, sickness, marriage, puberty, birth (life cycle). (vi) Celebrations— Marriages, christenings, birth-rites, house-openings. (vii) Calendar Ceremonies — Yearly festivals, anni­ versary celebrations — Christian and non-Christ­ ian. (What follows what in time during the year?) (viii) Herbalism and Medicine— Knowledge of herbs and preparation of medicine. T h e r a p u e t i c s p i r i t u a l exercises. (ix) Folk Language — Verna­ cular expression, gesture- language, symbolism, symbolism, mime, humour. (x) Folk Literature (Oral — Riddles, tales, proverbs, saws, puzzles. NON-MATERIAL CULTURE The non-material culture of a people is classed under the heading of Feelings e.g.— (i) Beliefs, Superstitions — About cosmology, Destiny. (ii) Dogma — Fortune, Human future life (iii) Temple practice — Ances­ tral spirit worship. ,-r- M Paints on easily without IS ODOURLESS DRIES IN 20 MINUTES Add New Beauty And Value To Your Home! leaving Brush Marks. L A T E X P A I N T ft PERMA-SATIN . . . . . . Stays Fresh and Bright — is Washable IS MADE BY BRANDRAM HENDERSON (WEST INDIES) LIMITED —Sold, at all leading Hardware Stores, or jot Trade Inquiries Call— S P R O S T O N S ( T R I N I D A D ) L I M I T E D 15—19 TRAGARETE ROAD, PORT-OF-SPAIN :: TEL. 52335, 52336 (iv) Myth making — Animism and Nature worship, Ani­ mal worship. Signs, Omens, Second sight, Possession, Trance-states, Taboos, Rit­ ual, Sanctions, Moral codes. ROLE OF FOLKLORE IN NATIONALISM Folk lore represents the knowledges, skills, and feelings of the community as it is at early stages in development, the early stages of the culture. But because no matter what strata of civilisation overlay these "life ways", the resultant cul­ tural form continues to reflect and to be influenced by these primal mores of conduct and the fundamental units of knowledge, the study of folk-lore can be extremely beneficial in correcting the warpness in personality from which most of us suffer by being a sort of mirror in which we see ourselves in our true cultural setting and so act as a prophylactic for readjusting the unbalance in our society. We cannot unleash ourselves from our cultural past; man and his culture are coterminous. Or further, the study of "folk-lore" explains to students that there is one race, the race of man through which runs the permutations and combinations of cultural universals; that man everywhere is fundamentally the same; and that science has dissipated the myth of ethnic superiority so destructive a weapon against community in­ tegration. The study of our folklore at a time when more than ever we need a properly integrated and united Caribbean, can be ex­ tremely powerful in establishing understanding sympathy and tolerance between our various peoples by discovering credits for and excellencies in each island's culture and by establish­ ing some common denominator before which parochialism and insularity would disappear. A common cultural stock is a unifying force, but it is definite that much as we West Indians have in common in our cultural heritage, we are still Grenadians and Vincentians and "out-bocas" according to our island home. CONGO DRUM DANCE The loveliest drum dance in Trinidad today "the congo" has been lost from Tobago when Congo Scott, Lebyroote and Afwa died. These free Africans used to dance the Congo every Easter Monday, August Day and New- Years Day. But at Pembroke in Tobago where the Grenadians settled in 1920, the Congo has revived and is danced every Whit Monday and at wedding dances. And lastly, the life-ways of a people are part of the human record. On the ground that posterity should have this record passed on to them, it is justified if we study the folklore of our times, collect it, understand it and preserve it if only as museum pieces against the pro­ cess of obsoloscence which is at work on the "older heads" who are the "culture-bearers" of what is best in our social heri­ tage. Thus there are three reasons why wp may study the folk lore of Trinidad and Tobago :— (a) To establish ideas of equal­ ity among the island pop­ ulations and to promote national understanding and unity. (b) To correct false ideas in our minds in regard to status and personality type and thus facilitate a free and better integrated society. (c) To preserve to posterity and for the study by foreigners, properly doc­ umented data on the facts of the folk-culture of the area. FOLKLORE AS LIFEWAYS The bulk of our folk-music is functional, that is, it has a use, no matter how lowly the tune. The folk cannot afford ornament or leisure or luxury; what ever they have, they bring into use. Thus the songs may be classed as:— (a) RITUALISTIC: Religious music of Yaruba tribal ceremonies; the Rada cult music; the religious music of the Congos; and the chants wails and other expressions of religious enthusiasm of the Spiritual Bap­ tist (Peace Movement, Jesus Holy Name Movement); Vieux Croix— Spanish songs based on the stories from the Bible sung before an illuminated altar or a domestic shrine at a fiesta. (b) CELEBRATIONAL SONGS: Musical material used for holi­ day pleasures, festivals, and anniversaries — bele, quadrille, scottische, reel and jig, kalendar, freedom songs and drinking songs. (c) WORK SONGS: Sea-songs (chanties), logging songs, digging-songs (gyap tunes), and songs used to lighten work and facilities rhythm in the movements of labourers. (Gyap means collective labour in Trini­ dad;. in Tobago it is called "lend-hand". (d) BALLADS, BANTER SONGS, STORY SONGS, EPICS: Songs told about contem- poiM-y life or about celebrated culture heroes, famous old Afri­ cans and their adventures; thieves, highwaymen, and notor­ ious characters and their doings; songs for giving offence to one's enemies in an impersonal way— ribbing, picong, or parable songs. (e) BATTLE SONGS: Songs of the speech-bends and verbalisations of rival Cannes- brules warriors in old Caryso days. Kalender (drums) and THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 7a "Speech" (done with fiddle accompaniment) i.e. the true precursors of the modern calypso —the satiric ballad of the present time. (f) SINGING GAMES. PASS- PLAY: Music sung by children on moon-light nights. Native songs and adaptations from foreign sources sung while playing folk- games and telling the folk-tales (animal stories). mr mm** » Sylvia's Store ANTHONY'S ARCADE 43-45 FREDERICK STREET CONGRATULATES THE GOVERNMENT ON THEIR 1st ANNIVERSARY See Us for Ladies and Children Shoes, Sneakers for School Age Kids, Perfumes Cosmetics and Toilet Requisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . • s THE HELICOPTER... most versatile of all vehicles ThffS SIGN OF PROGRESS IS YOUR SYMBOL OF SERVICE Due to continuous engineering development, the Helicopter has now advanced to a point where it can perform amazing feats-such as rescuing this damaged monoplane and returning it to its hangar. For engines of such low weight-to-horsep5wer ratio, Esso Research has developed special lubricants and fuels like AV0LIL100 and AUGAS 91/98. This is only one of many ways in which Esso Research helps to build a better life. From everyday services for the home, to fuels for mighty rockets into space—these are the contributions of the World's Foremost Research Laboratories of Esso. For your car, Esso offers ESSO EXTRA, the one and only motor oil that provides all protection, in all makes of passenger cars. Page 16a • THE NATION. FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 to the Government & People of Trinidad & Tobago on the FIRST ANNIVERSARY of INDEPENDENCE MADE IN TRINIDAD FEDERAL TOBACCO LTD. t .€ Our Actors are Without a Context It will not be possible for me to discuss "Independence and the theatre of Trinidad and Tobago" in the way those might expect who feel that, since we are a nation, we had better prove it by producing some art. True art does not see itself as being in the service of political uplift or national glory; for political activity is one expression of the life of a people, and art is an­ other. I am of course not deny­ ing that there is a relationship between the two, and an import­ ant one; but it is not that be- tween user and used. Besides, no one gets very far by attempting to discuss "the theatre of Trinidad and Tobago" as separate from "the theatre of Jamaica" or "the theatre of St. Lucia", — by attempting to echo and parallel the political frag­ mentation of the West Indies, be­ gun by Europe and continued, with one or two attempts at unity, since. I do not wish to put myself in a position to be accused of making any kind of political criticism: let me merely say, that in the criticism of art it is useful to make connections; and in the criticism of the thea­ tre in the West Indies it is indis­ pensable, ancl obviously indispen­ sable. ) Apart from The Gala Per­ formance of last August and Dimanche Gras 1963, the year since independence has seen little theatrical activity that has been either startlingly ambitious 01 startingly successful. There have been few productions. The groups appear to be either, dor­ mant or in process of falling asleep. This has been particu­ larly true in 1963. But there are other kinds of assessments to be made, and other reasons for feeling dis­ turbed. It is time for us to ask ourselves why, whenever we use the phrase "the theatre in the West Indies" it discomfits us by a certain pretentiousness. (More so, much more so, when we use the phrase "the theatre in Trini­ dad and Tobago). The preten­ tiousness lies in the assumptions that these phrases make. Like the West Indian novelist, the* West Indian actor has al­ ready achieved considerable pub­ lic notice. The productions in which he appears are mentioned in the society columns. He finds himself being favourably com­ pared by some reviewers with Gielgud and Olivier. He is given the gracious and welcome assist­ ance of fellowship^ and scholar­ ships. He plays parts, usually but not always minor, in films made by the factory of Holly­ wood. He appears in,professional English productions of Pericles and Othello. His services as teacher and encourager of drama are engaged by the University and by West Indian governments. Some of this is good, so far as it goes. Some of it is laughable. Some of it is in the highest de­ gree lamentable. But in any event he seems to have "arrived". And certainly there are West In­ dian actors of talent and achievement. EXAMPLES But actors alone do not con­ stitute the theatre of a country. Meanwhile the playwright, faced with the formidable crea­ tive necessity of 'inventing the drama, of the West Indies, is appreciably behind the actor. And our playwrights know that they must match the achieve­ ment and meaningfulness of our best novelists if playwriting in the West Indies is not to be a second-rate art. A Brighter Sun, In the Castle of my Skin and A House for Mr. Biswas are com­ parisons already in existence for anybody who picks up his pen to write a play. We have one or two short pieces and full-length plays of quality (but still nothing to put beside Mr. Biswas) and, among our genuinely creative play- v rights, a perpetual probing to­ wards new ways of using the stage and the actor, of using music and dance. I am convinced that one day the West Indies will possess a very interesting dra­ matic literature, one of the most interesting in the world. But this is not so yet. It is all a potentiality at the moment. What does the present situa THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 9a tion mean for the acior ? He is a performing artist trying to function without a context, as it were. Some of the best of them —John, Silvera, Connor, Adams, Nadia Catthouse — work abroad, mostly with non-West Indian material, and to this extent con­ tribute nothing to tne West In­ dian theatre. And even when they perform West Indian work, their efforts are out of context i The Jamaican playwright Barry Reckord has said that only arm­ chair critics believe that a West Indian theatre must necessarily start in the West Indies. 1 see. this statement as an attempt by Mr. Reckord to rationalise and justify his own practising in Britain. But the statement has no other meaning for me. STYLE Over and over, at rehearsals, in performances, we see actors desperately imitating the styles, more usually the mannerisms, of internationally known actors, Brando and Olivier being favou­ rite models. This is because our actors, having no context of their own. are coming to believe that "style" is a thing in itself which oxists apart from context, and which they can acquire no less than Brando), (whose context is the ^American naturalistic thea­ tre, or Olivier, perhaps the greatest English Shakespearean actor of the first half of the twentieth century. For many years we have been hearing of a West Indian "style of acting." Where ale ihe piays that ought to be the vehicies of this style ? Is it enough lo adapt My Fair Lady, itself an adaptation of Shaw's Pygiamion, and call it Quash ie Lady (a Jamaican "pantomime" of a few years ago)? Or to adapt The Threepenny Opera, itself * an adaptation of John Gay's The Beg­ gars' Opera, as 1 once thought might be an interesting project? The playwrights, if they are genuine writers will go on work­ ing. Their rate of productivity will necessarily be slow, but there axe no deadlines to be met. The actors meanwhile must rea­ lise that "the West Indian thea­ tre", which is not yet, will be baled on a dramatic literature which must be waited for, or possibly on the Work of some so tl of director-play wxighi who creates at first hand on the stage. And the actors must be careful about allowing themselves any arrogance, and must avoid imitating the mannerisms of the famous, who have their roots. Some of them may even turn to playwriting, as Hamlet, a sort of actor, turned playwright, and as did his creator before him. We have some time to wait for the independence of "the West Indian theatre." The freedom of the imagination and the intellect is not easily achieved. SLADE HOPKINSON. Local indust ry now looks to i t s own local in- ear thquakes , hurr icanes , r io ts , s t r ikes and surance^company - Tr in idad and Tobago In- accidents . For a l l c lasses of acc ident , bus iness surance Limited - for complete protec t ion and mar ine insurance on Cargo, ca l l Tr in idad agains t a l l hazards . Tr in idad and Tobago In- . .and, Tobago Insurance Limited . Telephone surance Limited offers pol ic ies to cover f i re , 32991,69 Independence Square , Por t of Spain . *»#• 1H 9 T* NATION, FR»AY, AUGUST 3f, 19* \ on the Occasion of the 1st Anniversary of INDEPENDENCE Stephens Todd & Fogarty Ltd are proud to present DR. ERIC WILLIAMS' NEW BOOK "Documents of Indian History99 VOL. 1 1492 - 1655 FROM THE SPANISH DISCOVERY TO THE BRITISH CONQUEST OF JAMAICA ON SALE on INDEPENDENCE DAY at Stephens Todd & Fogarty Ltd. Sole Distributors in Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies and the Guianas and thereafter at all Leading Bookstores in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean PRICE : $2.00 THE EVOLUTION OF PAN (Continued from Page 2a) written by a Trinidad or Ta- bagonian at home or abroad or by any person ff-om abroad re­ siding in Trinidad or Tobago over a period of 10 years. Judges also had to be of the same cate­ gory as the composers. For our Preliminaries and Semi-Final we selected the mighty Sparrow's "Outcast" as the test piece for the Steelbands and Lord Melody's "Country Girl" as the test piece for soloists. For the Final, Cecil Kunte's, "Steelband Invented Here" was selected as the test piece for the steelbands while Senator Olive Walke's "Mangoes" was selected for the soloists. Mr. Hunte, a former president of the Steelband Association, is to receive for his composition, one hundred dollars worth in Gov­ ernment Saving Bonds. The Prime Minister, Dr. Eric Williams, donated a Trophy for the winning) Steelband and the Governor-General, Sir Solomon Hochoy, a Trophy for the win- PAT CASTAGNE ning soloist. These trophies are to be contested for annually. Tunes played throughout the Festival were written by Pat Castagne, Sparrow, Melody, Olive Walke, A1 Jennings, Steelbands- n:en etc., all citizens of Trini­ dad and Tobago. Adjudicators included Mr. Melville Robin, Miss Umilta Mc Shine, Mr. Clarence Johnson, Mr. Curtis Pierre, Mr. Samuel Cumberbatch, 'Mr. Harold Phil­ lip, Mr. Kenrick Thomas and English born Trinidadian, Major Rupert Dennison. In conclusion I shall like to appeal to every citizen of Trini­ dad and Tobago to give their assistance as from 1964 to make this Annual Independence Steel­ band Festival one of our biggest events annually. Let us buy local, support local talent, aspire together and we shall achieve to­ gether leaving our country a much better place than we met it, with God's blessings upon our Nation. [The National Steelband, — a composite of almost every band in Trinidad — absolutely the last word in "Pan".today, was formed this year with the aid and sup­ port of the Government. NSB made its debut on July 22 at the Miltonl Hotel to entertain deler gates to the Caribbean Summit THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 11a Conference. The band's colours merit's Garden Party and at the are national — black and red. Folk Concert on Independence NSB will play at the Govern- night.] ' Ed. Start Searching Again .... Our Sensational Trade-In Offer Is Back ! TRADE-IN time at Y. de Lima's is the time when you can afford that piece of jewellery you've wanted for so long. Search in your jewellery box and TRADE-IN that old junk on a beautiful pair of gold earrings, gold bangles, a dress ring; Y. de Lima will take just about anything as a Trade-In, and what's more there's jewellery to suit everyone and what we don't have we can make for you. Y. De LIMA & CO., LTD. FREDERICK STREET, PORT-OF-SPAIN 54 HIGH STREET, SAN FERNANDO YOU FEED LIPSCOMB'S EGG FEEDS Keep your hens at top production the year round. Feed them plenty of LIPSCOMB'S EGG FEEDS to make sure they are getting all the proteins, vitamins, minerals they need to produce lots of eggs. Made in Trinidad Manufactured Locally by LIPSCOMB CARIBBEAN LTD. Eastern Main Rd., St. Joseph • Phone 94929 Like all local industries and enterprises the future of T. & T.E.C. goes hand in hand with the future of the country. The gas line in process of being constructed from Penal to Port-of-Spain is material evidence of progress, of cheaper fuel supplies, ot streamlining industry. The showroom and administration offices in Port-of-Spain must be the finest in this part of the world, with efficiency enhanced to the advantage of all consumers. The new B power station under construction at Wrightson Road is another sign of up to the minute awareness of the Company's need for cheap available power, and this awareness converted to steel and concrete and machinery. This is the duty of T. & T.E.C., to deliver the power where power is needed for a more powerful Nation. T. & T. E. C. 1 • " THE PEOPLE WHO KNOW ELECTRICITY BEST. See theTests buy tV The Tests are extra to top entertainment which gives you every night. Page 12a • THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 THE ART SOCIETY OF TRINIDAD & TOBAGO Independence Exhibition, 1963 (By our Ar t Cr i t ic ) For lovers of Art, the Exhibi- It is this striving to achieve, to tlon now presented at the Art surpass boundaries, to explore Society's headquarters, French a new space with colour and S t r e e t , W o o d b r o o k , p r o v i d e s t e x t u r e , t h a t t h e v i e w e r o f d i s - much to stimulate and interest, cernment will find an afternoon in that it covers a wide range with the Exhibition a pleasing of painting — from the illustra- experience. tive to space concepts of the Taking a brief look at the most advanced nature. works on show — there are the The Society is attempting to works of Jones Gilbert. His implement one of its most im- pictures, especially the water- portant aims as the Indepen- colours, are easy to live with as dence Exhibition proves, that is, ' Point Cumana" and "Country to provide avenues for experi- Life" patently are. These are ment and study for local artists, pleasing well-balanced composi- Notice, for example, at one tions with lovely rhythm. But extreme, the artist preoccupied they do not go beyond the visual, with his: landscape, his people, Dominic Isaac's "Aerial Perspec- in an orthodox illustrative tive" shows a feeling for colour manner; at the other end is the and paint quality to give the artist infected with a quickening, effect of atmosphere. It is to be a feverish seeking for new noted that Mr. Isaac has two values in space, juxtaposition of types of pictures on show: his shapes to fit them into the pic- "Dancer Marie Dancer" has a ture plane, a tightening of quality of phantasy and naive boundaries and the use of simplicity that tells the story of colour within these boundaries, simple folk life in a way we all On the 1st Birthday of our young Nation we join with the Government and People of Trinidad and Tobago in rejoicing, and in wishing and working for Progress and Prosperity of our Country. STECHER'S Jewellers and Giftshops recognize and enjoy, reflecting as well a trace of puckish humour. George Lynch, on the other hand, displays "Lovers" and "Wanting" in which he has utilized heavily textured surface as a background for his strong forceful drawing. He has tried to interweave these two techniques in combinations that have not always crystallized. In the result, the impression is given that compromise is yet to be achieved. He has gained a mea­ sure of success, however, in his "Mother and Child". Isiah Boodoo's "Chicken Vendor" and "Banana Vendor" are outstand­ ing for pleasant design and beautiful colour harmonies and by far the most successful of all the works on exhibition. Alexis Bailie deals in tex­ tures. He is preoccupied with colour in strippled effects, giving a rich embroidered finish to his works. Of the same school is Samuel Ishak with "Country Hut" done in a wax medium as well as "Grinding Grain", the two most successful of his works. For sheer feeling, Edwin Hing Wan's "Street Vendor" should be seen. He expresses the loneli­ ness of the fruit seller, her boredom, misery and helpless­ ness. Perhaps the subject is not novel, but Mr. Hing Wan has given depth to an old theme. Patrick Chu Foon has pro­ duced three paintings. He has revealed that he is in the throes of two experiences: he has in "Mirage" broken through all conventions of space but para­ doxically, the image has re­ appeared where in "Papilio' and "Pan Earth" he has achieved an abstract quality with texture and colour. Leo Glasgow has not freed himself from tensions of tight line as his colours are still maintained within boundaries. Yet he has in "Declining Sun" been able to present a happy har­ mony in colour and in line. Sybil Atteck's work which is a mural, has a depth of control retaining a quality of monumen- tality which a good mural should have. Its message is a simple statement of man in his own V I C T O R M A N H I N L T D . PHONE 2327 49 HIGH STREET SAN FERNANDO wish to Congratulate the Government and People of Trinidad and Tobago on the First Anniversary of Our Independence OPENING — Monday 2nd September, 1963 . . . ISHMAEL M. KHAN & SONS INDEPENDENCE BOOK STORE 16 HENRY STREET • PORT-OF-SPAIN Every $5.00 Purchase Entitles you to a chance to win a 23" Television Set Branch Manager — ERIC BEDDOE A Branch of 77 COFFEE STREET, San Fernando and HIGH STREET, Princes Town We Extend to the Government and People o f Tr in idad and Tobago CONGRATULATIONS on our FIRST INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY environment — the continuous impluses and force generated by man's labour. Obviously the Trinidad artist is today preoccupied with getting away from old traditional tech­ niques and concepts and is now striving to understand and ex­ periment with new materials for expressing these concepts. This is a very healthy and encourag­ ing sign and all the more remark­ able in that this movement has greatly intensified within the past year. mm mmmmmm It is well to know that our artist is thinking and striving a l o n g i n d i v i d u a l l i n e s t o e x p i e s s h i m s e l f a n d t o p r e s e n t h i s society to itself. CLOSING OF ANTHONY TRACE The public is hereby notified that the above Trace in the Ward of Siparia is closed to all traffic i for the purpose of repairing a i bridge. FERDINAND F JOSEPH, Ag. Chief Executive Officer, St. Patrick County Council. 000:00000 GREETINGS & BEST WISHES FOR A Happy & Prosperous Future on Our First Independence Anniversary • SCHNAPP & SON LTD. 49c High Street San Fernando Phone 4633 0000000000 + 0 m 000 000 # *> * 0000 0000 0-00000000 0*0 0000000 0000 mmm, Leo Darmanie Pye Radio & * Television Sale & Service % 72 COFFEE ST., SAN FERNANDO — PHONE 3230 % ; Wish the Government and People | ; of Trinidad and Tobago God's * I Continued blessing on the First * t Anniversary of our Independence. I s m 0 0 0 mm 0 0 0 0000 0 0 0m mm-0 0 mm mm 00 mm mm** t.0 0 00: 0 010 0 00 0"00-0 0 .00.0.00.00000-00000030 MAR KUCK GROCERY { ROYAL ROAD, SAN F'DO. — PHONE 3169 J • | WE WISH THE GOVERNMENT AND PEOPLE OF | TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO GOD'S BLESSING ON THE I FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF OUR INDEPENDENCE 0*0 000\ 00000" *0000 00 ̂ V m i m m J. J. CONNELL FURNITURE SHOP 1A ROYAL ROAD, SAN FERNANDO • WISH THE GOVERNMENT AND PEOPLE OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO GOD'S GRACIOUS BLESS­ ING ON OUR FIRST INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY •00 HARDWARE & OILFIELD EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. # 45 & 47 HIGH STREET San Fernando, Phone 3571 WISH THE GOVERNMENT AND PEOPLE OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO HEARTIEST CONGRATULATIONS ON THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF OUR INDEPENDENCE AND PRAY FOR CONTINUED PROSPERITY IN OUR NOBLE LAND. 1 The Role of the Chamber in an Independent Nation THE NATION, . FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 • Page 13a Life-Tex Balsam INSTANT HAIR CONDITIONER repairs damaged hair as if by MAGIC Only $1.00 per tube UVfOOK* ^ r I I M ' T E O 9 4 F R E D E R I C K S T R E E T P O S P H O N E 8 5 0 4 . 3 1 3 4 5 T H E A R C A D E . 7 P E N I T E N C E S 7 . S A N F O O P H O N E 2 7 8 6 SEE . . . BRUNSWICK STORE for gifts in * Glassware, FANCY DESIGN Plastic ware USEFUL ITEMS * Ladies & Gents Hair Brushes * Stainless Cutlery * Ladies Handkerchief in boxes All at reasonable prices 42 Prince, 44 Charlotte Sts. Independence has brought our nation new perspective, new horizons and new opportunities; and with them new and heavier responsibilities. This applies to every section of our society just as it applies to our nation as a whole. To none does it apply more forcibly than to the Trini­ dad Chamber of Commerce. To understand this fully, it is necessary first to appreciate the mechanism by which our society works. Ours is a free society. The emphasis is upon the individual and his freedom. There are many aspects of this. One is that our Government is freely elected by PRINTER'S ERROR Due to a printer's error page 8a roads 10a; it carries a full page advertisement The President of the Chamber of Commerce, Mr. Phillip Lazarri The Trinidad Chamber of Com- universal franchise. Another is merce is the association of those that there is freedom of enter­ prise. Material wealth and economic development are created largely know that our country will grow engaged in Commerce in Trini- and that a free society will still dad. Its main object is to pro­ mote the trading interest of its members and to extend trade, people of modest means who deny themselves luxuries in order tc invest in a commercial ven­ ture which they hope will suc­ ceed and bring some reasonable return — some profit — on their And if those who have the capi- savings and their enterprise. As tal, the training and the experi- perhaps the scarcest factor of ence don't do so, then who will ? production, capital piays a vital Thi*' ,h*n '• ,h* ro1* °* 'he role in the development of our Chamber In an Independent Na- country. People, both local and tlon To represent the interests oversees, who mvest in our coun- ot those engaged In Commerce^ try will want to know that To promote the development of twenty years from now then- .11 commorcW activity In th. capital will still be there, that it ~ «*** * will still be theirs, and that it «» Paction and marketing .« will still bring them a reasonable uooda end aervlcoe-our national return. |In short, they want to wealth. To promote contlnu.nce of a free society where democ­ racy end froodom of enterprise is preserved- But above all, to take a lead. Our Community wants a strong, by the free association of indi­ viduals who pool their savings, commerce, or manufacture in the territory. Many of its members, labour and managerial ability to such as those engaged in agri- rtmain. For this they look to their commercial association. On our first Independence Day , , our Prime Minister ssid that, in united, informed, intelligent and the final analysis the survival of active commercial voice^ TOey democracy rests on a higher - W a n t , this mcoie, perhaps, than produce in accordance with the demands of competition and the freely choosing consumer. entrepreneurs Ihese are the entrepreneurs voices in the Chamber of Com-; merce, the membership of which includes by far the great­ er part of Industry and Com­ merce in Trinidad. capital The Chamber represents the Capital in this Country; and for those who might think this a tainted word I hasten to remind them that capital is in the first instance accumulated savings, often savings of thousands of culture, or in manufacturing, will power than parliament. It rests anything else. It's up to the also belong to their own trade on an informed, cultivated, and Chamber to see that they get it. association which represents their alert public opinion. A release of the Chamber of particular sectional point of Someone has to take the lead. Commerce view, but they all join their the people of Commerce. Every­ one can be an entrepreneur. And everyone who buys and sells on a commercial scale is engaged in commerce. This includes the agriculturist who buys his seed and fertilizer and sells his vege­ tables. It includes the manufac­ turer who buys his raw materials and sells his finished goods. It includes the wholesaler and the retailer, the importer and the exporter. It includes even those who sell their services. Government is engaged in eco­ nomic activity too. But only in a very special way. For it is the function of Government to de­ velop and maintain those institu­ tions which create a climate favourable to growth, leaving the growth itself to occur as a result of the activity of its citizens. It is here that the vital role of the commercial community is clearly seen, for it is they who unearth the opportunities, de­ velop the resources, and produce and market the goods and ser­ vices which constitute the wealth of our nation and which, in the long run, is the only basis for jobs and a, better standard of living for all. U. DIALDAS Wish the Government and People of Trinidad and Tobago Congratulations on our FIRST INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY. 106 High St., San F'do. Phone: 2727 S. N. AH Wish the people of Trinidad & Tobago on the First Anniversary of our Independence, continued prosperity in our Independent Nation 147b COFFEE ST., SAN FERNANDO — PHONE 2850 "JAPS" AUTO-BODY REPAIR SERVICE WISH THE and People of Independent Tri- Tobago Heartiest Congratulations on the First Anniversary of Our Independence & Pray God's Continued Blessing on our Nation Government nidad and 72 Pointe-a-Pierre Road San Fernando. A C K B A R A L I ' S I N D E P E N D E N C E O F F E R For every $20.00 purchase from now to 7th September you get either of these Books! The GITA History of the People of Trinidad & Tobago By Dr. ERIC WILLIAMS Education is a must for the Progress 'cott the Gr(>ve. "Symmetry? what symmetry!" ' Clapping and laughter reached Snapped Marchenido, not under- the dressing-room. Lord Ivory standing. was singing: Felix untied the red cloth If yuh want to be happy about his forehead and let the An' live a king's life cloth fall over his shoulder. Never make a pretty woman, "Limbo symmetry," he said yuh wife, So from a logical point of view, l 0*0*0*0*0*00 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 "Well you an' Marchenido could keep she!" She walked faster.: mingled with the crowd on the street and eluded him. Felix met her sitting in the dressing-room with her legs crossed. Eager to go on stage, Stephanie was standing near the drummer. Marchenido returned in a huff. blandly and walked to a corner. Marchenido got the message. He remembered telling Felix Never marry ah woman prettier something about symmetry and dan you. that Stephanie would bring it to Marchenido lit a cigarette the dance. He glanced fleetingly "It's time the show start, Felix!" and blew out the smoke noisily, at Stephanie and Cleota and saw Felix was now dressed in a "What's it now?" he asked, at once what had happened, pair of close-fitting white pants "more money". Thoughtfully he fingered his which ended just below his Cleota stared steadily at Mar- large gold ring, then rose from knees with a red cloth tied about ehenido as if pondering the his seat and walked briskly to his forehead. Cleota was still on money question, then looked the door. He called Stephanie with a note of authority in his 0 0 000* J \ C o n g r a t u l a t i o n s \ T H E I M P E R I A L S T O R E S FROM * AND Best Wishes To the "GOVERNMENT" and "PEOPLE" f of our New NATION on the First Anniversary of INDEPENDENCE With 9 Shops Serv ing the South Imperial's Man Shop High Street — San Fernando Monty's Ladies & Gents High Street — San Fernando Imperial's Lingerie High Street — San Fernando Montano's Grocery High Street — San Fernando Bobby's Shoe Shop High Street — San Fernando Central Toy-Book Shop High Street — San Fernando Imperial's Main Store High Street — San Fernando Imperial's Stores Ltd. (Point Fortin) Ken's Man Shop Tropical Plaza — Pointe-a-Pierre Mr. Marchenido," she I0?0: , AND BEST WISHES to the GOVERNMENT & PEOPLE of TRINIDAD & TOBAGO voice. J I "Yes, j replied walking to her boss with an air of expectancy. He put an arm around her and said: "I forgot to tell you Steph. Er. .as from tonight you're the had waitress at the Grove. Your job is only to supervise the ser­ vice." "An' what about the show tonight?" she asked, surprised and shocked. Marchenido stroked her hair and said: "I'd prefer if you work outside tonight. You see we have many new visitors." He play­ fully pinched her cheek and closed the door. Stephanie began to change into her waitress's uniform and reluctantly went to take up her job. A SILENCE CAME OVER THE ROOM With a feline satisfaction, Cleota pulled down the zip of her dress revealing her dancing outfit. Felix re-tied the cloth about his forehead and took up the bar and limbo sticks. The drummer lifted up his drum, held it under his arm caressingly and cried: "Limbo!" "Light de rod!" said Cleota flexing her body, "Felix light de rod. Is fire tonight!" Felix laughed at Cleota's sudden show of exultation, then dropped the sticks and held her about her waist. "Wayho! ho!" screamed the drummer. "Limbo!" "Limbo! Limbo! Limbo likame oh! Ah want "somebody to limbo likame!" They chanted as Felix led them on stage leaping wildly in the air. ON THE OCCASION OF THE -V ' » ^ F I R S T A N N I V E R S A R Y o f o u r I N D E P E N D E N C E . . . We will continue to play our part to build the economy of our New Nation! "Together We Aspire" — "Together We Achieve" T R I N D A D R E A D Y - M I X C O N C R E T E L T D . READY-MIX (West Indies) LTD. T R I N I D A D S A N D & G R A V E L L T D . GOD BLESS OUR NATION AND MAY WE CONTINUE WITH PRIDE AND PROS­ PERITY THROUGH THE YEARS Lenny Sumadh Ltd. SAN FERNANDO 000 0 0-0 0.0 030 0 K0000000001 ISHMAEL 88 High Street, San Fernando Phone: 2298 Trinidad & Tobago CONGRATULATIONS ON OUR FIRST INDEPENDECE ANNIVERSARY 0000 0010 0000 0,00000 PaSe 16a * THE NATION, FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1963 Indian singing competition The Secretary of Island-Wide Indian Singing Competition Com­ mittee of the San Fernando Independence Celebration, Mr. Bisram Gopie, told a gathering, of over 15,000 at Skinner Park, on Sunday last, that the "Inde­ pendence Celebration is a national event and it warrants every man, woman and child, irrespective of race, religion and nationality in the territory to indicate their loyalty to the new nation by joining in the celebra­ tions". The competition was officially opened by the Mayor of San Fer­ nando, Councillor Leslie Ed­ monds. Immediately after, he was introducecf to the audience by the Chairman, of the Orga­ nising Committee, Mr. B. I. Lalsingh. Among the distinguished guests on the platform were:— the High Commissioner of India, Mr. K. C. Nair, Mr. Bhadase Sagan Maharaj, President General of the Sanatan Dharam Mahasabha, Mr. Kamaluddin Mohammed, Min­ ister of Public Utilities, Mr. Stephen Maharaj, Mr. C. K. Johnson, and several other leg­ islators and borough councillors. The result of the competition is as follows:— For the Best Indian Composi­ tion on the Spirit of Indepen­ dence and Nationhood:— First Prize; Tarran Persad; Second Prize, James Ramsawack; third Prize, Vidoor (Trinidad Blind Indian Singer). For the Best Classical Indian Song: First Prize, Ramdhanie Shyma; Second Prize, Vidoor (Trinidad Blind Singer); Third Prize; James Ramsawack. Electricity Probe Cabinet today decided to appoint a Commission of En­ quiry into the causes of and the circumstances surrounding the recent incidents at the Penal Power Station orf August 23 and 28. Why We Are Late This week found us in the throes of the publication of a book entitled "DOCUMENTS OF WEST INDIAN HISTORY" by | Dr. Eric Williams. Deadline, August 31. It was also the week when industry all over the country had been hit by power failures due to the breakdown of the Penal Power Station. Our presses are small, there­ fore time is precious to us. This loss of time has resulted in The NATION hitting the streets several hours late. We regret the inconvenience caused to all our readers; how­ ever, it was unavoidable, and we know you would understand. 00*0H0)0~ 0 0H00W 0>0- NOTICE Customers are reminded tha' all cheques ere to be made pey- able to the P.N.M. Publishing Co. Ltd., and not to The NATION. Crossfire Wins i Last night at the finals of the National Steelband Festival, judges Major Rupert Dennison and Mr. Clarence Johnson awarded Modern Crossfire fifS^ place, making them the leading pan band in Trinidad and Tobago. Silver Stars placed second 'and Merry Stars Metronomes third. In the Ping Pong Solo Class Ralph Rice placed first with 178 points, Johnson second with 176% and Collins of Casablanca third with 172 points. Modern Crossfire has thus be­ come the first band to win the Prime Minister's trophy and Ralph Rice the first bandsman to take the Governor-General's prize for solo playing. In a short speech, the presi­ dent of the National Steelband Association, Mr. George God- dard thanked the Governor- General, and the Prime Minister for donating the trophies and the audience for attending the pre­ liminaries, semi-finals and finals of the festival. Our Cable to Worrell "On behalf of the Cabinet and people of Trinidad and Tobago 1 extend to you personally and to your team our warmest congratu­ lations on your magnificent per­ formances in the Test Series re­ cently concluded and on the inspiration afforded thereby to the entire West Indian commu­ nity and particularly to the youth of the West Indies. ERIC WILLIAMS, Prima Minister." Economic Bodies Meet The National Economic Ad­ visory Council has held 16 meet­ ings on the Draft Second Five- Year Plan and submitted its re­ port. -c»- It will meet the National Plan­ ning Commission at Whitehall at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning for an exchange of views on the Draft Plan. Our very BEST WISHES TO THE * ^ GOVERNMENT and PEOPLE oi TRINIDAD & TOBAGO ON THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF OUR Independence SUCCESS & PROSPERITY TO OUR NATION- Together We Aspire"- "Together We Achieve" Dont's Miss P.N.M.'s DANCE AT HILTON TOMORROW NIGHT THE MillMJ CORPORATION OF AMERICA Subsidiary of FORD MOTOR COMPANY and their local agents ^ Scott Furnishing Co., Ltd. 30 PARK STREET PORT-OF-SPAIN Allum Super Markets Take this opportunity to extend best wishes for continued success to the people of Trinidad and Tobago on the first Anniversary of their INDEPENDENCE Refrigerators • Electric Ranges • Television Radius • Stereograms • Washing Machines *40.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * SAN FERNANDO • MARABELLA • COUVA I 0 0 0 1 A R A - B U S T A C O F F E E IS TRINIDAD'S QUALITY COFFEE Prepared from Selected properly cured beans JUL of Best T'dad Coffees! Grown, Cured, Roasted Ground, Blended, and /|RAmBUSTA Packed in T'dad. And sold throughout the in West Indies A TRULY LOCAL PRODUCT Tr»f« Mirk Suppliers to the Government of T'dad & Tobago and to Leading Hotels and Guest Houses. Obtainable at all leading Groceries and Supermarkets throughout the Nation in 1 lb. % lb, Va lb packages at only 60% of t,he retail prices of imported grounded Coffees of similar quality. ' DON'T JUST SAY COFFEE — SAY ARA-BUSTA A R A - B U S T A C O F F E E C O M P A N Y 50 DUNCAN STREET PHONE 6381