SIR ARTHUR LEWIS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC STUDIES (SALISES)
Professor Neville C. Duncan, BSc, MSc UWI, PhD Manchester
– Director 
INTRODUCTION
SALISES as a multi-stringed instru-ment, continues to achieve
substantial outputs in all its units and
sections.  This was an extremely good
year both collectively and individually. 
As I say goodbye I must say it was a
privilege to work with such a wonderful
team.
WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT
The Institute co-hosted two major international conferences during this 
academic year.  Dr. Aldrie Henry-Lee was Coordinator and Chair of
the highly acclaimed “Caribbean Child Research Conference” financed
by UNICEF, held at the Jamaica Pegasus Hotel, October 21-22,  2008,
Jamaica. Drs. Philip Osei and Eris Schoburgh, were organizers and
co-chairs of a conference on Local Governance and Intergovernmental
Relations in the Caribbean: Examining the Past, Assessing the Present and
Predicting the Future. January 8-9, 2009. SALISES participated
significantly in a conference hosted by the Centre for Gender and
Development Studies, Cariforum Regional Gender and Trade
Workshop and SALISES on Women’s Rights Analysis of Economic
Partnership Agreements: The Implication of Trade Liberalisation,
spearheaded by Dr. Leith Dunn. The Institute of Gender and
Development Studies IGDS and the Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social 
and Economic Studies (SALISES) collaborated on hosting a seminar on 
“Establishing Common Ground: A Conversation on Reforming the
Laws on Abortion in Jamaica”, at The Undercroft, UWI, Mona
Campus, April 23, 2009. Dr. Henry-Lee was also Coordinator for the
Teachers’ Workshop on Child Rights for Secondary School Teachers
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held on May 19, 2009, funded by UNICEF, Jamaica; and also for the
Teachers’ Workshop on Child Rights for Primary School Teachers held
on June 2, 2009, funded by UNICEF, Jamaica. In these and in a number
of international collaborative workshops, the SALISES Secretariat.  
A significant honour was bestowed on Krisitin Fox, at the PIOJ’s 20th
Anniversary Conference, for her sterling contribution to the production 
of the Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions.  Dr. Aldrie Henry-Lee
received, along with Professor Julie Meeks (Caribbean Child Research
Centre) the Principal’s Award (FSS) for the project with the most
economic/developmental/business impact. Dr. Patsy Lewis won the
Baroness Amos fellowship 2009/10, Centre for Caribbean Studies,
Warwick University.
MSc, MPhil, and PhD Degree Programmes
The academic year 2007/2008 ended with nineteen (19) students being
awarded the MSc degrees.  The breakdown was as follows: 
Table 1: MSc Graduating Class 2007/2008 by programme and gender
Governance & Economic Social Policy
Public Policy Development Development TotalPolicy
No. of Students 8 6 5 19(M=2; F=6) M=5; F=1) (M=2; F=3) (M=9;
by Programme F+10)
2 3 1 6
Full-Time (M=1; F=1 (M=2; F=1) (M=0; F=1)
6 3 4 13
Part-time (M=1; F=5) (M=3; F=0) (M=2; F=2)
MSc Governance and Public Policy (8); MSc Economic Development
Policy (6); and MSc Social Policy (5).
One (1) student was awarded the PhD degree in Governance and
Public Policy in 2007-08.
MSc Students (2008/2009)
Thirty-three (33) offers were made for the MSc. programmes. 
Twenty-six (26) students accepted the offer and registered for the
academic year 2008/2009, with thirteen (13) being part-time and
thirteen (13) being full-time students.   The breakdown was as follows:
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Table 2: Registration for New MSc Student: 2008/2009 by programme and gender
Governance & Economic
Public Policy Development
Social Policy Total
Policy Development
No. of Students 14 8 4 26
by Programme (M=4; F=10) M=4; F=4) (M=0; F=4)
6 5 2 13
Full-Time (M=1; F=5 (M=2; F=3) (M=0; F=2)
8 3 2 13
Part-time (M=3; F=5) (M=2; F=1) (M=0; F=2)
Table 3: Returning MSc Students, 2008/2009 by programme and gender
Governance & Economic
Public Policy Development
Social Policy
Policy Development
Total
No. of Students 18 4 7 29
by Programme (M=3; F=15) M=1; F=3) (M=0; F=7)
2 0 1 3
Full-Time (M=0; F=2 (M=0; F=0) (M=0; F=1)
16 4 6 26
Part-time (M=3; F=13) (M=1; F=3) (M=0; F=6)
Registered students (new and returning) were Governance and Public
Policy, 32; Economic Development Policy, 12; and Social Policy
Development, 11.
New MPhil/PhD Students, 2008/2009
A total of nineteen (19) new MPhil/PhD students were registered for
the academic year 2008/2009. The breakdown was as follows:
Table 4: Registration for MPhil/PhD, 2008-200 by programme and gender
Governance & EconomicDevelopment Social PolicyPublic Policy Policy Development
Total
No. of Students 7 6 6 19
by Programme (M=1; F=6) M=4; F=2) (M=0; F=6)
3 1 1 5
Full-Time (M=0; F=3 (M=0; F=1) (M=0; F=1)
4 5 5 14
Part-time (M=1; F=3) (M=4; F=1) (M=0; F=5)
(Four students are to be assigned supervisors. One student was
permitted to defer registration to 2009/2010).
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Returning MPhil/PhD Students, 2008/2009
A total of forty-one (41) returning MPhil/PhD students were registered
for the academic year 2008/2009. The breakdown was as follows:
Table 5: Returning Cohorts –MPhil/PhD Registrations, 2008/2009
(programmes and gender)
Governance & Economic Social Policy
Public Policy Development Development TotalPolicy
No. of Students 13 9 19 41
by Programme (M=5; F=8) M=4; F=5) (M=3; F=16)
2 4 7 13
Full-Time (M=1; F=1 (M=2; F=2) (M=0; F=7)
11 5 12 28
Part-time (M=4; F=7) (M=2; F=3) (M=3; F=9)
There were sixty (60) New and Returning MPhil/PhD students
registered for the 2008/2009 academic year.
MPhil/PhD Theses Submissions
Freda Thomas (Emerita Professor Elsa Leo Rhynie, Supervisor) and
Beverley Shirley (Emerita Professor Elsa Leo Rhynie and Professor
Duncan, co-supervisors) had their MPhil thesis upgraded for
resubmission as a PhD thesis, which were subsequently submitted.
Girjanauth Boodraj’s (Drs. Lewis and Northover, co-supervisors) after
a successful Oral examination was recommended for the award of the
PhD degree. Annicia Gayle-Geddes (Dr. Henry-Lee supervisor) has
submitted her PhD thesis which is being examined. Paul Farquharson
has submitted his thesis. An external examiner and an independent
examiner have been identified and their names have been submitted to
Graduate Studies and Research. Courtney Christie-Veitch’s (Dr.
Gavin Chen, supervisor) PhD thesis was examined. Jennifer Henry’s
(Dr. Osei, supervisor) PhD thesis was recommended for the award of
the PhD degree, after a successful Oral examination. Tahzmoye
Crawford’s (Dr. Osei, supervisor) thesis is being examined by a new
independent examiner. Winsome Minott is presently doing extensive
corrections to her MPhil thesis and will resubmit. Dwayne Vernon’s
(Professor Boxill, supervisor) PhD thesis is currently being examined.
SALISES’ net income from the cross-campus delivered MSc
programmes for the year under review was commendable and it
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becomes necessary that the allocations between campuses and with the
UWI be resolved urgently so that the Regional Institute can proceed
with its development programmes.
Table 6: Net Income for SALISES’ Degree Programmes, 2008-09
Net Income        J$
MSc/MPhil/PhD 5,797,803.04
DATA AND DOCUMENTATION CENTRE
The DDC provided timely information and library facilities to the
graduate community of the Mona Campus of the University, especially
in the Social Sciences.  This was done either through its own stock or by
allowing access through the internet and/or the World-Wide-Web. 
Other local and overseas researchers also utilized the facilities,
especially visiting Consortium Graduate School students from the
United Kingdom and the United States. In terms of stock, the DDC
worked in conjunction with the Main Library to increase our access to
electronically packaged journal articles. We, nevertheless, continue to
acquire relevant print documents, including copies of government
documents (local and overseas), UN reports and those of other
international agencies, work produced by SALISES Fellows and the
other staff  members of the Social Sciences Faculty, and conference
papers (published and unpublished).  Students and faculty have had
access continuously over the last decade to hundreds of journal titles,
abstracts and/or full text from several electronic journal packages
through the main library’s web-page. Not all our required journals are
included in the electronic packages and also to ensure continuity of
service we continue to renew yearly subscriptions to approximately 100
journals.  We also continue to receive a substantial number of journals
through gifts and exchanges. Readings were processed for both
semesters for the SALISES Graduate Programme, as well as a variety of
graduate courses from all the departments in the Faculty with particular
emphasis on Human Resource Development Programme (HRD) and
the Department of Government. 
Our main database – ISERG — grew by approximately 80 records
during this period, the CGS database (which lists our book and
photocopy holdings for the various graduate programs) also increased by 
50+ records, and substantial corrections were made to the SWTP
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database which holds our older documents. Work was also continued
on the Ministry Papers’ database (MPJ) and the more recent lists of
Ministry Papers (2002-2008) were obtained from the Parliamentary
Library. All data has been entered and editing of the database has
begun. The web-interface which allows the databases to be accessed
from any computer on campus is out of order but Mr. Richard Leach
hopes to rectify this soon. Users of the DDC during this period included
SALISES research staff and students, FSS faculty, and students, Mona
School of Business students and overseas students. Formal orientation
programmes on the use of the DDC were conducted for the 2008/9
cohort of students in Departments of Economics, Government, and
SALISES.  
Throughout the year informal orientation sessions were done for new
users of the DDC. A number of displays were mounted at the DDC by
staff during the period. Research Days were held from January 29-30,
2009, the theme being Enabling Cutting Edge Research.  Ms. Norma
Davis and Mrs. Nadine Newman coordinated this activity and members 
of the academic another SALISES staff helped with the manning of the
booth. Posters were also produced regarding the Child’s Research
Conference co-chaired by Dr. Aldrie Henry-Lee and Mrs. Julie Meeks
Gardner, for display on Research Days.  SALISES obtained a double
booth on this occasion so had more space for display.
DEREK GORDON DATA BANK
The Databank continued to provide technical services to post-graduate
students, provide datasets to student and researchers both in Jamaica
and elsewhere. The DGDB obtained the following data sets: the SLC
2007 and the PATH evaluation datasets.  Documentation of datasets is
being published online using the IHSN software – IHSN Microdata
Management Toolkit. We also developed a database for tracking
requests for data so that we can monitor the requests to ensure a timely
response. It also serves to document demand over time. Our website has
been moved to Mona domain but we still have complete control so can
make changes as we see fit. This means that we have significantly more
space so will be able to upgrade our website. 
A number of post-graduate students attended the SPSS course during
the 2nd semester. This was highly successful with only one
studentfailing the course. Feedback was good. The main negative
related to poor availability of course material. This will be addressed.
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Publications Unit, SES Journal, Books and Monographs
Table 7: Sales Report Aug 1, 2008 – June 30, 2009
Sterling US$ JA$
       15,122.40
SES Subs         120.00     23,930.00   1,992,582.35
     121,607.85
SES royalty Proquest       3,698.91      328,135.01
JAMCOPY royalties        62,642.85
Wali-in sales (SES)        10,383.00
Walk-in-sales          147.00        13,055.63(Special Books)        59,510.00
CSA Book sales          145.00        12,922.40       15,670.00
Total    £120.00    $27,920.91 $2,605,768.28
(An average of J$89 to US$1 used in conversions)
Social and Economic Studies (SES)
Off Press: Vol. 57: 1, March 2008, general issue; Vol. 57: 2, June 2008,
Special Issue on Crisis, Chaos and Change, Part 2; Vol. 57: 3 & 4
Sept/Dec 2008, general double issue
Electronic Publishing – Putting SES online
The process of making SES available online through the Scielo network
is well underway now. Ruby McFadden produced the required files and
they have been forwarded to the Scielo office through Mrs. Bandara of
the Medical Library. A blog was also created for SES.
PAPERS PRESENTED 
Benfield, Warren, Dr.
• “Migration, Remittances and the Well-being of Children”, 
Caribbean Child Research Conference, Promoting Child
Rights Through Research, October, 2008, Pegasus Hotel,
Kingston, Jamaica.
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Duncan, Neville, Professor
• “Political Risks: Small States’ Responses to Build Resilience”
10h Annual SALISES conference, March 25-27, 2009, Errol
Walton Barrow Conference, UWI, Barbados.
• “World Hunger and Food Crises in a Chaotic Crises-Ridden
World: Caribbean Needs and Responses” Arthur Lewis/George 
Beckford Memorial Lecture, July 6-11, 2009, Erskine Sandiford
Conference Centre.
Fox, Helen Kristin
• “Literacy and Numeracy Levels of Adolescents 10-15 years
attending primary and secondary schools in Jamaica”
Caribbean Child Research Conference, October 2008, Pegasus
Hotel, Kingston, Jamaica.
• “High Risk Health Behaviour of Adolescents 10-15 years
attending schools in  2005”, Caribbean Health Research
Council’s 54th Conference, St. Lucia, April 2009.
Henry-Lee, Aldrie, Dr.
• “Child Rights and Natural Disasters in Haiti”, Caribbean Child
Research Conference, October, 2008, Pegasus Hotel, Kingston, 
Jamaica.
Lewis, Patsy, Dr.
• “Regionalism as the route to development: the CARIFORUM/
EC EPA”, Caribbean Studies Association, 34th annual
Conference, June 1-5, 2009, Kingston, Jamaica.
• “Remembering the Grenada Revolution: A personal
engagement”,  Caribbean Studies Association, 34th annual
Conference, June  1-5, 2009, Kingston, Jamaica, Friday, June 5.
• “The CARIFORUM/EU EPA”, Rhyme and Reason Symposium,
School of Business Administration, UTECH February 27,
2009.
• “The Cariforum/EC EPA: Concerns”, The Hugh Lawson
Shearer Trade Union Education Institute, UWI, Mona,
September 4, 2008.
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Northover, Patricia, Dr.
• “Navigating Risks and Reframing Resilience - A Perspective on
Small states suffering for space”, 10th SALISES conference,
Barbados, March 25-7, 2009.
• (with Michaeline Crichlow), “Small states and citizens
suffering for space: Neoliberal governmentality, Democratic
deficits and the Coloniality of Being” CSA Panel, Rethinking
Development, Globalization and Power: Creolization on the
move, Kingston Jamaica, June 2009.
Osei, Philip Duku, Dr.
• with Nwasike, Joan (2009) “A Study of the Contract Systems of 
Employment of Permanent Secretaries in Botswana, Ghana,
Uganda and Zambia”.  Commonwealth Association of Public
Administration and Management (CAPAM) Conference,
March  2-4, Arusha, Tanzania.
• A Transparent Means Test-Based Social Protection System for
St Kitts. Steering Committee, Institutional Strengthening for
Social and Economic Development in St Kitts & Nevis. May
14, 2009, Basseterre, St Kitts.
• “The Community Leadership Model and Country Ownership
in Local Development in Jamaica”, Conference on Local
Governance and Intergovernmental Relations in the
Caribbean,  January 8-9, 2009, Mona Campus, Kingston,
Jamaica.
Paul, Annie
• “The turn of the native: vernacular creativity in the
Caribbean”, SALISES Annual Conference, Cave Hill Campus,
UWI, March 25-29, 2009.
• with Nicole Smythe-Johnson, “Gender Studies at UWI: An
Agenda to Educate, Advocate or Postulate?” CSA Conference, 
Kingston, Jamaica, June 2009.
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Robinson-Walcott, Kim, Dr.
• “Bun or Fire Bun? Wily Women and Survival Slackness in
Jamaican Popular Fiction.” International Conference on the
Book, Washington, DC, October 2008. 
• “On Reading John Hearne Seriously”. CSA conference,
Kingston, Jamaica, 1-5 June 2009.
Tindigarukayo, Jimmy, Dr.
• “An Evaluation of the Bashy Bus HIV Prevention Clinic in
Jamaica”, Canadian Association for the Study of International
Development (CASID) Conference, Carlton University,
Canada, June 5-7, 2009.
• “A Survey of Placement Agencies for National Youth Service
(NYS) Interns in Jamaica”, 10th SALISES Annual Conference, 
March 25-27, 2009.
Wynter-Palmer, Jennifer, Dr.
• “Building Resilience within Human Capital Development:
Global Trends versus Local Necessities”, SALISES Annual
Conference, Cave Hill Campus, UWI, March 25-29, 2009.
PUBLICATIONS
Books and Monographs
Henry-Lee, Aldrie, Dr.
* Henry-Lee Aldrie & Julie Meeks Gardner (2009) eds.
Volume 2. Promoting Child Rights: Selected Papers from the
Caribbean Child Research Conferences, 2007 & 2008.
SALISES, Mona Campus.
* Wilma Bailey, Georgiana Gordon-Strachan, Aldrie Henry-
Lee, Jasper Barnet, Dillon Alleyne, Stanley Lalta (2009). An
Evaluation of the Impact of User Fees for Preventive Care
Services on Health Status and Coping Behaviour of Patients
in Jamaica, IDRC.
482
Paul, Annie
* Paul, Annie, ed. 2007. Caribbean culture: Soundings on
Kamau Brathwaite, Kingston: UWI Press. 43pp.
* Helmut K. Anheier and Yudhishthir Raj Isar, eds. Annie
Paul, assoc. ed. 2008. The cultural economy, Volume 2, the
Cultures and Globalization Series. London: Sage. 688 pp.
Northover, Patricia, Dr.
* with Crichlow, Michaeline. 2009. Globalization and the
Post-Creole Imagination: Notes on Fleeing the Plantation.
Durham: Duke University Press. Paper, ISBN,
978-0-8223-4441-4, 336 pp, John Hope Franklyn Book.
Osei, Philip Duku, Dr.
* with Nwasike, Joan N. (2009) ‘An Analysis of the Contract
System of Employment for Senior Public Service officers in
the Caribbean: Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and St Lucia’.
Commonwealth Secretariat, Performance Management
Series 1, The Commonwealth Secretariat, London. 44pp.
Refereed Book Chapters
Northover, Patricia, Dr.
* with M. Crichlow, 2009. Locating the Global in Creolization:
Ships Sailing Through Modern Space. Globalization and the
Post-Creole Imagination: Notes on Fleeing the Plantation.
Durham: Duke University Press: 15-40.
* with M. Crichlow, 2009. Creole Time on the Move. 
Globalization and the Post-Creole Imagination: Notes on
Fleeing the Plantation. Durham: Duke University Press:
41-71.
Osei, Philip Duku, Dr.
* Osei, Philip D. and Nwasike, Joan (2009), “A Study of the
Contract Systems of Employment of Permanent Secretaries in 
Botswana, Ghana, Uganda and Zambia” Perspectives in
Human Resource Governance, CAPAM Featured Report.
Commonwealth Association for Public Administration &
Management: Ottawa, Canada, 55-64, April.
483
Paul, Annie
* “No space for race: The bleaching of the nation in
postcolonial Jamaica”, In The African-Caribbean worldview
and the making of Caribbean society, ed. Horace Levy.
Kingston: UWI Press, 94-113, 2008.
Robinson-Walcott, Kim, Dr.
* “Small Islands and the Space in Between: Exploring the
Liminal World of Andrea Levy.” In Freedom and Constraint,
ed. Elizabeth Thomas-Hope, Kingston: Ian Randle, March
2009, 99-112.
Refereed Journal Articles
Benfield, Warren
* “Determinants of Objective and Subjective Well-Being”,
Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 57, No. 3.
Duncan, Neville, Professor
* Tazhmoye V. Crawford, Neville C. Duncan, Donovan A,
McGrowder, Alexay D. Crawford, Lorenzo A. Gordon, and
Paul A. Bourne, “The Implications of Utility Access on
Gender: The Case of Jamaica, European Journal of Social
Sciences, Vol 8, No.4 (2009), 615-625.
Fox, Helen Kristin
* G Gordon-Strachan, K Fox, J Dunn, DE Ashley, “Assessing
the Level of Births and Birth Registration in Jamaica” in
Promoting Child Rights Through Research. Selected papers
from Caribbean Child Research Conference, 2006, ed. by A.
Henry-Lee & J. Meeks Gardner, SALISES, Mona 2008.
* “Interpersonal violence in three Caribbean countries:
Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago”, Rev Panam
Salud Publica, 2008 Dec; 24(6): 409-421.
Osei, Philip Duku
* “Managing Urban Regeneration in Jamaica: The Cluster
Implementation Approach”, Local Government Studies, Vol.
35, 3. 315-334. (2009)
484
Paul, Annie
* “‘Do you remember the days of slav’ry?’ Connecting the Past
with the Present in Contemporary Jamaica”, Slavery &
Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies, Vol. 30,
No. 2, June 2009, pp. 169-178.
* “Regarding the South…from the South’. Catalogue essay for
exhibition South-South: Interruptions and Encounters.
Justina M. Barnike Gallery, Hart House, University of
Toronto, pp. 65-70, 2009.
* “Dream it plan it chance it risk it: Kingston Logic”, Printed
Project: Issue 11. Dublin, Ireland, pp. 118-123. 2009.
Robinson-Walcott, Kim, Dr. 
* “Bun or Fire Bun? Wily Women and Survival Slackness in
Jamaican Popular Fiction”, International Journal of the Book 6,
issue 4 (June): 103-112.
* “Deconstructing Jamaican Whiteness: A Diasporic Voice”,
Small Axe 29, (June).
Wynter-Palmer, Jennifer, Dr.
* “Beyond Performance Appraisal – A Comprehensive
Approach for Improving Employee Performance”, Caribbean
Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 10 No. 1, Nov 2009,
pp 44-57.
* “The Compensation Saga in Jamaica – Pouring New Wine
into Old Wineskins”, Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 57,
Nos.3&4, Sept/Dec 2008, pp 231-256.
Non-Refereed 
Paul, Annie 
* Review of Krista Thompson, An Eye for the Tropics: Tourism,
Photography, and Framing the Caribbean Picturesque. Durham,
NC: Duke University Press, in Journeys. The International
Journal of Travel and Travel Writing (New York-Oxford),
Berghahn Books, vol. 9 issue 1, 2008, 130-33.
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* As Jamaican as Ackee and Saltfish: Cindy Breakspeare as
Reggae Subject. Riddim magazine (Germany). December
2008.
PUBLIC SERVICE
Benfield, Warren, Dr.
– Advisor, Government of St. Lucia under the CDB Project,
Poverty Reduction Strategy
Duncan, Neville, Professor
– Member, National Advisory Council on Local Government
Reform, GOJ
– Member, Plan Advisory Group (PAG), Jamaica 2030
Development Plan
– Member, Editorial Committee, Pensamiento Proprio
– Member, President’s (UTECH) Research Initiative Award
Selection Committee.
Fox, Kristin
– Member, Early Childhood Commission Research committee
– Member of Steering Committee - Jamaica Survey of Living
Conditions
Henry-Lee, Aldrie Dr
– Member, UNICEF/PIOJ Social Investment in Children
Initiative
– Member, Caring Ministry, Sts. Peter and Paul Church
Lewis Patsy, Dr.
– Member, University Hospital Board of Management
– Member, Executive Committee of The Cambridge Society,
Jamaica
Osei, Philip Duku Dr.
– Member, National Committee on Decentralisation,
Government of Jamaica
486
– Board member, S-Corner Clinic and Community
Development
– Member, Islands and Small States Network, the University of
Malta
Paul, Annie 
– Associate Editor, Small Axe (www.smallaxa.net), Duke
University Press, USA
– Juror, Super Plus Under 40 Artist of the Year Competition
2008
– Board member, National Gallery Education and Publication
committee
– Editorial Board member and coordinator, the Caribbean
Review of Books
– Board member, JAMCOPY, the Jamaican Copyright
Licensing Agency
– Member, IFRRO (International Federation of Reproduction
Rights Organisations) AGM 2008 local organizing committee
Robinson-Walcott, Kim Dr.
– Editor, Jamaica Journal
– Editorial board member, Caribbean Review of Books
– Consultant editor, Macmillan Caribbean
– Member, Board of the Jamaica Library Service
– Member, Education and Publications Committee of the
National Gallery of Jamaica
– Chief adjudicator, novels, annual Jamaica Creative Writing
Competition, JCDC
Wynter-Palmer, Jannifer Dr.
– Board Chair, Church of God in Jamaica Girls’ Home,
Leadership and Development Commission
– Consultancy, Ministry of National Security, Policy
Directorate
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