., '\ . . . rrheoretical Organ· Of The V\lorkers· Party Of Jamaica Vol.6 No.5 Oct. 1979 "WE are assembled here this evening to protest against the. methods of the Daily Gleaner in stirr.ing up public sentiment against certain individuals· which ha~ led to a thorough misrepresentation of the citizenry. I want everybody to un­ derstand that we are going to have decency in the political life of this country. The Gleaner has had its day. The people are going to have their day ... " "To Expose the Gleaner", Ward Theatre Dec. •13, 1928 MARCUS GARVEY UWI L IBRARES CONTENTS Pago Editorial ~oto •••••••••••••e•••••• 1 On tho Anniversary of Marcus Garvey by Trevor Munroo •••••••• 2 Modern ron- 1Uisnment by Horace Lovy •••••••••• 28 Tho Inda-China Rofugeos: Who is Roally to Blame? - by Yuri Dimov , Yugoslavia and Kampuchea: ••• 39 An Intorviow with Wilfrod Burchett~. 47 Caribbean Labour Solidarity in Action - by Irene DoSouza ••••••• 52 Draft Communique of Consultative Meeting of Caribbean Communist Workers Revolutionary Democratic Parties and Groups••••••••••••••••• 57 ·. . . - UWI L IBRARES - 1- EDITORIAL NOTE This issue opens with a recent speech, slightly abbreviated for SOCIALISM!, given by WPJ General Secretary Trevor Munroe in Hanover to commemorate the 92nd anniversary of the birth of Marcus Garvey and the 50th anniversary of the founding of the first political party in Jamaica, Garvey's Peoples Political Party, and of his newspaper Black !'Ian. In this speech some of the main plans in Garvey's programme are outlined as well as the extent to which since 1972, but not before, they have been realized and then, as a result of the IMF policy, partly withdrawn. In this situation, the General Secretary points out, the Communist WPJ has a definite role to play and he gives a few indications of how the Party's decision to contest the next election would be impl emented in praciece. Three of the other art icles in this issue deal with international topics of much current interest - the Sixth Summit of the Non-Aligned Nations in Havana, the refugee problem in South- east Asia, and Kampuchea . Horace Levy offers an analysis and assessment of the principal trends in the Non­ Aligned Movement as manifested at the Havana Summit nnd gives a brief first- hand account of the conflict there over Egypt and Kampuchea . "Indo-China Refugees" by Yuri Dimov, a reprint from the Soviet Weekly New Times , gives a resume of the history and real facts of that tragic situ­ ation created by imperialism. It is a useful counter to the distortions spread by the Western press . In respect of Kampuchea the scandalous conduct of Yugoslavia is revealed in the interview given during the Summit by noted journalist and South Asian exp&rt Wilfred Burchett . Finally, Irene DeSouza's "Caribbean Labour Soli­ darity" is a timely reminder both of the valuable contribution made by the international movement to our struggle here and of the importance for us to "develop solidarity activities" with comrades overseas. UWI L IBRARES -2- ON THE ANNIVERSARY OF MARCUS GARVEY Speech by WPJ General Secretary Trevor Munroe in Hanover, August 1979 Brothers and sisters , it is a very great honour and a very great pleasure f or me to be here th i s evening to commemorate with you the 92nd anniversary . of the birth of rlarcus i·1osiah Gar vey . ,(\s you kno_\ll t€tday is no t only the 92nd anniversary of Garvey ' s birth, but it is a l so the 50th anniversar y of two of the m6st important contributions made by Aarcu~. nos i ah Garvey to the struggles of our people. It ii ~h~ 50th • a nniversa ry of the foundation pf the first modern, serious political pa rty defending ~he interest of the masses of our people , the party f ounda~~y Harcus Garvey, the Peoples Political Party in 1929. It is a l so the 50th anniversary of the publication of a newspaper put out by Flarcus Garvey which was dedic9ted to the political education, and the poli­ tical upliftment of the people of Jamaica; that newspaper was called . the Bl ack nan in '1929. The ~~k-11?.Ll was put out by Garvey a nd circulated throughout .Jamaica - 12,000 copies , sometime~ 15,000 copies of that Newspa~er . • Therefore comredos, brothe rs an~ . aister~, I t~t nk that the best wa y for ua to commemorat e Garvc~ 1 s ·biri ~ and to commemorate Gar 1'18y .1 s efforts . is for us to- "~ n i ght to polit ic nlly . oduca·te 'bu):-solves . To politi~ cally oducn~c our s e lves abb~t · how we i~ the WPJ, we 2 3 co r: munis'c ::;; in tho .Workers P_arty, are trying to ccrry forward tho itrugglc of Marc us Ga rvey . So political education, comrades , is what we defond tonight. We a r e not · a party with anything to hand o~t to a nybody, we ar~ not a pa rty to giv e away m□n2y or rum and saltfish, we are not dealing in ~~□t , we c oma hate tohight to dea l with political e duca tion for pol i t i c~! struggl e , so tha t we can ca r~y f orward tho work of Flarcus Mos i c h Ga rvey. C I UWI L IBRARES -3- Comrade s , what was G~rvey fighting for ? Every­ body talks a bout Garvey , but not enough people know some of the th ings which Garvey was fighting fo r, a nd therefore that is where we must start here this even ing. In 1 929 Ga rvey put fo rwa rd a number of points - around which he was organiz­ ing t he poor peopl e of Jama ica, to fight . for the i r rights a nd to develop themselves a nd their coun­ tryo I want to r emind you of s oma o 0 those point s . Those of the s i ster s a nd brothers who have pen a nd paper I would ask you to take out the pen and paper, bocause when wa talk here ton ight wo are not talking for anybody to c l op and jump up; then afterwards you l e c vo and yo u forget whet we say; wa want yo u to remembor so that when you l onvo hero end people ask you ebout Garvey , Garvey moans some th ing more than just a man or o name . Garvey means someth i ng concrete and practical es to what he was defending. GARVEY ' S PROGRA~ Tho fj.E, thing from Garvey ' s programme in 1929 that he was fight ing for was .Q.K.Q_toction for what_ ho callod_~_at ive Labour' 9 thnt is, protection fo ::­ lho workers because tho wo~kors wore unprotected , ~~otoction in terms of insurance, accidont insur­ a'nco , that if a man lost an arm on tho job or he got d::i'.lagod tho":'o would be some for m of compenEa•­ tion • .§.r>.£rncj}y_7 Garvey wc1s fi ght ing ir. 192£!$' 50 y0.c rs 2.go for a J!1in5.~J~_qg_ so '.:,;,ct nobody _;__n the island of J2~aica wGuld fall bolo~ a c c rtein miniri~rn ar::o:.rnt of r;ioney , whj ch •.uCJ 'J ld nllou ·:: lw;.~ ~a b~y feed , t 0 buy clcth~~ , to p~y ront aGd to lock nft3r tho~s □ lvos 2nd thoir fam11_;__osa Tho U-:.L":.i p,./nt ·~hat Gnrvoy L:::is f ig~ting ·;>a;: wc1s U~£ ~~.~-r~·i~_1--I< i_u9_9_s_x.9 -:, ho l ar ':Jo an c o 110 rwilol,,1- in g r11ajcirity, woro working 15 ond Hi, somotimos 17 ho~rs a d ~y a nd ho said that there must be so~o lir.ii t on t~.o amct·nt of ti.mo l.!.";1ir·h th:::i worker uas Ll □ rktng, so t h3t ho could bo ablo to rest and tc ~roraro hi~sol f to come bock to work tho next da1 • [,'?,w.£itl1_'.L?... Ga rvey was wur!--ing f::ir 1-~£f.r\r:__· ., UWI L IBRARES -4- ho was f ighting for t hose who did not have any l and or only had a little piec e of l and to got more l and and fo r those who had t he big properties which wore not ful ly cultivated, which wore idlo 9 to givo up that land for tho bonofit of tho people . Tho final pain~ of Garvey ' s programm8 that I wan t to t oll you about this evening and to remind you about is very import­ ant . That point was that tho big foreign companios s hould be rogulatod so that there s hould bo com­ pulsory improvomont of those town a r eas - whethe r Kingston, St . Ann's Bay , or Lucca - from which l argo pr ofits wore being oxtr2ctod by multinational cor­ porations. Garvey sa id vary strongly on this point that "tho big companies wore sucking Jamaica dry , tho people wore not gaining any benefits, and that thoy should be made to pay so that tho poor of tho land and tho working man could bonofit f rom soma of tho profit which tho big companies wore taking away" . Those a rc fivo of t he points for which Garvoy was fight ing for fifty years ago tonight, whon wo a re sitting hero and when wo aro commemorating his 92nd birthday. In looking a t t hose points comrades, one of t ho things that I found out a nd -I would like t o shar e w~t h you tonight, is that Ga rvey was not only look­ ing a t what was happening in Kingston, but Gar vey was vary concor nod with tho rura l a r oas and with tho rural towns . As ~ camo into Luc ea today I r omomborod and thought I would toll you about i t . What Garvey had to say concerning Luc ca , t ho capital of Hanov e r . I would like to read to you Garvey's words concerning tho conditions i n Luc ca . I ask you to fol l ow very c a r e fully, what Garvey ha d to say . (Soo many of tho oldor pooplo hara can r emember Marcus Garvey , tho l ady looking a nd undor­ standing what I am saying b0causo s he was a live a t tho timo - tho gontloman t horo ) - wo a r o young and thoroforo wo ha vo t o look and road to undorstand what Garvoy was defending . Garvey said, 50 yoars ago, 11 i f you go to towns liko Sa v- l a -mnr a nd Lucca , you will find thorn in a most dol apidatod condition, while on thoir stops compcnios liko United Fruit Company • UWI L IBRARES • -5- havo mode millions of dollars from such seaport towns as Annetta Bay, Port Maria , St . Ann's Bay and Luco2 . Tho United Fruit Company from tho time of Captain Baker, have medo millions and they havo not even made a docent dock on tho northsido . They havo not ovon put up a hospital in return for the kindness they havo roceivod in Jcmaica 11 • Those aro Gorvoy I s words, 50 yoa·rs a go, 50 years ago ho looked at Lucoo and he said i; it is in a dolopidatod condi tion 11 not because tho poo plo can't work, not because tho people ore not industrious, not because tho people don ' t wont to uplif t themselves , but 50 years ogo Lucca was in a dolap idctod condition bocouso tha big com­ panies like Unitod Fruit Compony was sucking Jtmoico dry and taking away from tho country a nd t~o pooplo what should be kept he ro, to give work to tho poor, to build hospitals, and schools . I ask you coQrodos, brothers a nd sisters, 50 yoors l ater has tha t condition chnngod? (Shouts of No! No!) Look like some of you boliovo it change. I osk you again. Hos that condition chongod? (Shouts of Noi No!) 50 yo2rs later, 50 years , later it is tho samo ond not only it is tho somo but there aro soma who ere saying 9 there arc politicians - tho loaders of tho JLP - who aro seying 9 that tho wa y to dovolop Jamaica, tho way to uplift tho poor and tho worker is not to clamp down on thoso companies, but to bring in moro of thorn , to got in moro United Fruit Company, to got in more big American Corporation to suck tho country ond to suck tho pooplo dry, despite what Garvey was saying in 1929 and despite tho fact that 50 yoors lat0r tho conditions r omo in tho samo . I will toll you this, brothers end sisters tho WPJ is dodicatod to make certain , to make totally suro - and wo ask you for your support - that no way will those reactionary politicians who want more big companies to coma back into Jamaic a to squoozo th o poor people more than thoy aro squoozing thorn now , our party is dedicated to ensuring that no way thoso pooplo got back in UWI L IBRARES powor again (Applause). TEfJ YEARS !\GO -6- Comrades, it is necessary for us in remembering the five points that Garvey was fighting for he was fight­ ing for many others but I only reminded you of five tonight. It is necessary for us carefully to ask ourselves how has the struggle developed around those things for which Garvey was fighting. In asking this question and in trying to get us to look clear1y and with a proper perspective it is useful to look where we were on the 82nd anniversary of the birth of Garvey in 1969 , on the 40th anniversary of the founding of the PPP in 1969. Ten vears aQo on the 82nd anniversary of the birth of Garvey if . we had had a r a l1:,y..J..ike this we would have to say that no proqre~ at al l had been made on any of the main points for which Garvey had fought and died. Let us look at two of these. 10 years ago on the 82nd anniversary of the birth of Garvey there was abso­ lutely no minimum wage, none at all; 10 years ago the facts and figures show that 90%, that is 9 out of every 10 people, who had work wor e getting less , than S20 per week and 75%. of those who had work were getting less than ~10 per week . That is 40 years after Garvey put up the banner to struggle for minimum wage. 10 years ago on the 82nd anniversary of the birth of Garvey and on the 40th anniversary of the launching of the PPP and the founding of Black Man newspaper, what was the position regarding land reform, another of the main points of Garvey's programme? Absolutely no land reform had taken place - the same big properties in overy single parish which had come down from slavery days remain untouched ? and the same little square of rockstone on which tho tens of thousands of the poor majori ty of the people in tho rural areas had to live from slavery days - that also remained untouched. In Hanover parish in which we are, the situation however was particularly bad; In this parish there were ovor 8000 small farm­ ers on undor 5 acres of land, and the total amount of land which had to be divided up among those over 8000 farmers was 9 ,1 23 acres . That means tho average UWI L IBRARES , -7- amount that tho small farmer had to food himsolf and family was a littlo bit ovor 1 aero oach . Wha t about tho big man in Hanover? Brothers and sistors, comrados, there were 22 (twenty and two) properties of over 500 acres and you know how much land was on thoso 22 proportlos 31,700 acres of land. I just wan t comra des to look into that very carefully. 8000 men had to 'kotch' on 9000 acres, at littlo more than 1 aero· oach , but 22 big men have 31,700 acros for thom­ solvos in tho vory parish of Hanov er, in (tho capital of which we are tonight). This rnoant that tho average amount of land of tho big pooplo was over 1,400 acres - samo flesh an d blood - but on one sido of the fence, 1 aero mainly rock ­ stono, on tho other side of tho foncc 1,400 acres, 40 yoars after Garvey said thore must bo land r eform. So if wo follow the programmo of Garvoy right down wo would s00 that thoro was no progross at all on any of tho points. On tho question of tho big corpora tion which G2rvoy said was sucking tho country and which he said was drawing down tho pooplo of Luc ca and the peopl e of Sav-la-mar - no regulation at all ; by that timo, the bauxite companies had come and pack up tho United Fruit Company and 7 bauxite com­ panies at that time controlled over ± of tho land of Jamaica, so that instoad of maki ng r egu­ lations, thoro was moro sufferation, moro expl oit­ ation of tho people, 40 yoars aftor Garvey put forward his programme . So comra des , botwoon 1929 and 1969 poor poopl o r ovolt od in 1938, bu t still no minimum wage, no l and reform, no control over the big c~rporations. Poor peopl e voto in Bustamante in 1944, again in 1949, but still !22. minimum wago; no land reform; no regula tion of tho companios sucking tho peopl e dry ; !l2. protection for labour. Poor people vote in Father Manloy in 1955 and again in 1959 - no land roform, no minimum wage, no r ogulation of tho big companies . Again in 1962 , on indopond­ onc o, poor pooplo put in Bustamante aga in and UWI L IBRARES - 8- then , following Bustamont o , going up to 1969 Shearer, Sangster and Soaga , tho both of them and still no progress on tho programme which Garvey had put for ­ ward 40 years ago in 1929- 69 . GARVEY ATTACKED Thoroforo wo as serious comr ades hero tonight mus t ask oursol vos why? What was tho reason why there was no progress? If we l ook at th0 r easons we will s ec that thoro wore two reasons why not hing was dona a t all, both when Garvey was alive and after Garvey ha d diod. 1st reason: tho big people did everything in thoir power, ovoryth ing t hat they could manago to do, to try to koop down Garvey and to got rid of Garvey, that was tho 1st ~oason . It is vary im­ portant for us to understa nd how hard thoy triad to got rid of Garvey, because if you don ' t unders tand how thoy tried to got rid of Garvey you will not bo proparod for how hard they ore going to try to got rid of a nybody , a ny group of comrodos or brothors end s i ste r3 9 who arc trying to carry out tho work of Ga=v□y to fulf ilm8nt. I want you thorofor o to undorstnGd clearly how they try . Whan wo talk of tho big poopl □ trying to got rid of Rarcus Garvey I mo~ n firstly o~d most of all tho American Govurn­ mo~t. Tnoy arJ poopl o inside hero, throughout tho wholo island of Jama ica say how tho Amer ican Govorn­ r.iont nice and how 1.thom can't toko it horo"' 11 t hom going to Amer ica" , how America love us , "America will help us" an d if ~10 give America tho chance than ovorything will bo alright . On t his night whon we commomorato tho birth of Marc us Mosiah Garvey , lot us romombor what tho American government, (same imperialist system which is t he re now was there than) what they did to Marc us Mosiah Garvey . Tho first thing comrades, brothars 8 nd sisters, t ho first thing that thoy tri□d to to to Garv ey was to kill him. Garvey was in his office doing tho work of thu pooplo 9 trying to plon the upliftmont of tho poor? ~nd tho assassin camo in on him an d l ot go throe shots. Luckily Garvey s urvived, but that is tho first thing that th oy t riad. Thay tri- d to kill him a nd UWI L IBRARES I - 9- gJt rid of him boccuso as early as 1919 , t hat i s 1919, ton y □2rs bo foro Garvoy foundGd t ho party in Jorno ico an d put forwa rd those points , thoy could soo that Garvoy wos e serious msn and the first thing that thoy tri□ d to do was to kill him , just like thoy try t o kill c nybody who decides to tcko up th o couso of tho poor p □oplo a nd to struggl e . They wil l kill you ond you hwvc to dccicio your mind;· they tri.:Jc' to kill Lonin 9 the groat l oader of tho workers and farmors end un □mployed in Russia 9 2 years before they triad to kill Go~voy; aftor that thoy triGd to kill Fidel many tirr□a over And over cgoin . So wh.:it thoy tr i :.;d to do with [lorcus Gorvoy to kil l him, is what thoy uill try ~o do to anyonG who docid□ s to toko up the ceuso ~nd struggle for- chcJ ·1pliftmcnt of the mc1ssos of i:.ho p::)op l o . 3ut it didn ' t stop t h□r o , t~ot didn't work . So tt10 ycc:r i:.1r.10diatoly oftcr 9 1920, thci Amoric2n govornmont filud on <1ction cgoi11st Gorv□y for cri~incl libel . Thay ~ouldn't kill him ~ith shots; so they tried to kill him in th~ court room~ Gvontw:lly in 1 Sl2t: agcin tho P,mcriccn go"orn• ~cnt trying to pressure Ga:rvoy bcc□uo o of what ho u□ s trying to do? to holp t~o blcck men in Amoric 2 and t ho poo~ people □ :roun d tho world, got him on c ch~~go, 3 trumped up chc rgo 9 ~nd lock~d him up for 2 years and honcowords , ~risen in tho Un i tod Stat □so So that tho first sot of big poop! □ that '.;r iod to got rid of Garvoy (by cou:rthouso 9 by prison □nd by assass in~tion ,) wos tho Amer ica n imperialist govornmcntr Hhich at that timo liko now is against the progress of tho poor ncoplo of t ho wor l d 9 but thoy did not succeed. Coming down to Jamaic a now in 1927 tho big peo­ ple hero took up whore tho Amer i can govornmont loft off . Thay t oo t riad to got rid of G2rv □y . Tho planters, tho merc hants and particularly tho Daily Gloanor , that no~spapor which so many of us horo foo l tha t a nything writt e n in t hu Glcianor i s fact truth . Who l o hoop of people hnro right UWI L IBRARES -1 □- now anything you read in the Dail y Gleaner you say ' is truo '. Well in 1 929 t he Gl conor at tacked Garvey end if you uero alive in 1929, mcybo you wou l d havo bolicvod somo of tho li es that they woro print in g a bout Gcrvoy , just liko todey some p~oplo be lieve the lios that ths Gleaner is printing about communists and 8bou c the progressive people in Jamaica and tho wor ld OV:Jr • Th0y us ed tho cour~ house e gainst Gorvoy too; in J amn ica thoy l ocked him up in 19:9 , soizod tho pr~perty of tho UNI A, the orga nization that Garvey founded . And you knou what t ho Glnanor s a id whe n th:Jy locked up Garvey? what tho Gl eaner wrote when thoy l oc ked up G2 rvcy? tho some Gloon□r that so many of you defond. ~hon communists and s e rious social­ ists got strong in tho government on behalf of tho peopl e of Jamaica, th~ Gl□anJr hcvo to go , no. 1 tho Gl oonor . (Appleuso). No t onl y bucauso of what the y do ~o us todny, b□c~usc we con t~kc i t , but because of uhn t thoy havo boon doing fror~ clcvory days come riQht d~wn. Whnn tho coloni2li 0 ts imprisoned G.:::rv::iy , ·.:h·1 Gl uar~o r wrote 11 1\ gre,t lo~so,, hos boon ·~cugr,t" - t~:at 1 s .:1hot they wrot e when ·:;ho~: locvod uo r.crv~:;', Brothers ond s.:.ctor s uo aro not v:Jnrcf•il p .... opl::i, .. ,._, don 1 ·'.; look to toke ravong:.:i 7 b•J c ! l"~ri .... ·:;hr:; r:.1.".:iror t,, :~nn•~ t hat wo u.i.lJ. olwa/S r8 i:10;:-,b..:ir th~;: u;iun ~• . ..1y locked ur, Gar•,c~, they c,:-i,J:: groc.L l o::~ on i';::C.: hc._,n t-,ug:it o :.JolJ. '.JO ~hol: h,"vo t :J tci 1--::1 ch.., ~:'.. ~, ,,:l,... a ) t sson c ( A;--;J:.u uso ) , So the , i:-"'c rwr-ccio1 ••·:,·, r.-~vcy ciid not ·~call y :;iot f~: oi. ch:; ro.::C.: to :: ... ,pl· 7l"r:·-. .:.,,s: hie p1·ogrcrr.::1J l'.!i.lC tho _§ffi..<2.,!:!~• c 'J,: 9_c:• .EJ:l.~~i:2£1_: ,: c ;-:, _ _i; b.9_ A ·llfl!. :i.:E}:.!2. ..... 9.0 ~ "12.!'b....LF_o r.1 t i,9 '?.1.£. R£_G_E'.Ji.' c,::_.s· _ni::p.:_t...lE._0.2_~.£._ Gloeno:- g l•JhL::JLl.slks fo::- ib£@_. But tha second roeson co~rados, brothors and sistors why Garvey did not roach whor o he wantod to r cnch in putting for w2rd his progr2mmo at that timo was o oimplo ono - the small ~2n did not know himself . A lot of tho vary soma people that Gar vey W8s fighting for , . ~~c same flesh end blood, people getting 2 pounds UWI L IBRARES - 11 - a wook from tho colonial govornrnont, somo of thoso very soma pooplcj poor pooplo, wore th9 ones f i ghting against M~rcus Mosioh Garvey . For oxcmplc history rocords and the history book if it is proporly writton will toll you that ono of tho most octivo fighters agai nst Garvoy was th~ post mist r oss; fa~ Garvoy us od to post Bl ock Mon nowspcp or to get t~ different pLrts of tho isl and to Lucao 9 to Moran~ Bay, to Sov-la- rnor . Jhat thoy used to do with it whun thoy got it? Throw it cuoy , instead of delivering it to tho people for whom it was s~nt . Now just imcgino that the Post Ristross, Post Mester of th~ colonial govarnmont was getting £2 a week , can 't ro~ch nowhoro - Gcrvoy fighting for thorn - but thoy fighting against Gcrvoy . Tho polic~ ct tho timo, ogcin low paid , thu colonial police kick- ing them around, trLoting thorn uorsc than dog, but tho soma flesh and blood pol ice uoru harcssin □ Garvey . if you wcro soon on tho road selling tho papor to thu pcopl o, tho pol ico would ettack you and boat yo~ up . So that ths second rLoson why Garvey's struggle was he l d bock , wes b~causo tho small pooplc did not know tha~oelves enough an d ot tho soma timo when the big man was strong en d fighting down ovoryth i ng that Garvey d~fLndod • . ,ftor Gorvoy diod, comrodos, little progress was ~ado up unt~l 1969 for tho soma r easons . PROGRESS Sinca that ~imo howovor wo can soy if we e r e honsst to ourselves th2t soma l ittl ~ progress , a smell stop has boen modo on some of those points for uhich Gcrvoy fought a nd Gcrv~y di~d . If you consider it you will soo why I say so . ro r oxaap lo, cs you knou, tho minimum wago was declared against tho oppos i tion of tho r coction­ ar i os end with tho support of tho communists. That was o point for which Garvey was fighting and which was not grante d by any of th~ gov~rn- UWI L IBRARES -12- monts, PNP or JLP prior to 1972 PNP government . Land roform was a point that Gar vey was fighting for. ~ga in wo ca n sey that this was a ~rap in tho buckot of land r efo rm - despit e tho opposition of tho reactionary JLP leade rship a nd with tho support of tho communists. Well tho l and l ease programme gcvo over 80 9 000 acres of l and to 40,000 form ors and tho sugar workers cooperatives gave 50 9 000 acres of land to over 5,000 cooporot ivos - o drop in tho buckot , just scraping tho surfcco. Bocouso as uo havo soon one parish clone, Hcnovor, over 31 7 000 cc~os of 1ond belongs to 22 p~cpl o, so that tho l and loose and cooporativo progromm~ just baroly bagins to scrQtch tho surface. But it w~~ c boginn ing that was r. ovo r r.iodc boforc and thorofJ ro wo con soy thct come small stop was be i ng rnodo on tho progra~~o for which G2rvoy fought and on tho programme for w~ich Garvey st=ugglod. Firclly i? you look at tha pocition of tho big com;>r- 11io1 in Jcmcicc pcrticul.::rly J_;ho bauxite con­ panics wo con sc1 t~ct thoro LOS no progress in 1930, 19~0, 1950 , 1 960 9 1970 9 ~r.dor cha colonial ~ovo ... ·,1~= 9 t;ndcr Sustor.ionta, u:1c1o:::.- Father Vi:rn .loy, Shoar8~, Seago, Sangotor. Uit~ tho bcuxito levy again op~csod by the JLP roacti~nario3 but sup- oortorJ bJ tho cor.imunists, 1:Jhich ucs imposod in 1974, for tho f .:.:rs t tin.a these cornpat '.cs which ho 'JO loft tho sount r,cidc dolcpidotcd wo:~ now being =oquirod to r,o.y so ,.Jthing mo~o to tho pr-i~J.u of Jcmaic::: o Prior t~ ~~o bnuxito lovy tho L~ux.:.to com~anica !n Jomcico \!Jore 0;1ly p:iyi:iQ so:nath:'..ng :i..::1<0 24--25 r:1illion to tho p.Jr~!o of Jnmaicc end the govcrnrnant , chicken food comp ~red to tho thousands of milli□n3 of dollars bo3ed on tho work done by Jamaican workers in J amaica. For tho bauxite lovy in 1974 thct jumped to 178 mil­ lions a yoar end t horoforo soma regulation of tho big corporations was toking placo as _Gorvoy hcd fought for and hod no~ succeeded up until that time. Uc must ask ourselv0s why was that possible at this time? Why was there that little stop of progress UWI L IBRARES -13- when bofor~ there was nano . Tho first r eason was because tho small man was now more conscious, more united, moro organized, then before . Ho could not bo fooled as easily os boforo, just liko you cannot bo foolod as easily c s before . Five years a go (I am not going further beck than fivo years) five years ago if a mooting liko this ha d boon called in Luc ca court hous e , rain fa ll a nd tho pe ople know out the r e t ha t is tho communis t T. M. comini to s peck to t horn , you t hink tho court r oom would full like t his? no way, fiv e years ego ( appla use ) . Moro conscioun­ ncss . Not s o easy to fool poor poopla a ga in, not s o cosy liko wha t thoy do with Ga rvey; when Garvey r on fo r e l ection in 1 930, Unite d Fruit Compa ny, t he bigges t company in •J omaica and one o~ t ho bi ggost company in t ho world, f ought tho e l ection aga ins t Garvey us ing t ho J omc iccn people them­ solves to fight Garve y - giving t hem money , salt­ f i s h e nd rum; us ing Uni te d Fruit Compcny t r ucks to t r a ns port vo t ers s o that Ga rve y would lose tho e l ect ion. But now you a r o l oc ving tho old-t imo col onial yo:w l.Jehin1 - nou- c-dc.ys tho enti­ comrnunist in l ucoa con be~: cgoin-t co~mcniam , t hey con talk a ga inst rnG, they con prooch lio end propa ganda , they ccn win anothe r court ca s o , t hey can cause a nother ch opping up, the y con f ire gun s hot, bu t nothing is going t o s t op tho pooplo coming to hoar t ho c ommunist , (appla us e ) because t ho people or e now mo r o c onscious , ~orkors knou­ ing themselves, moro unit od the n before , more united and f or tha t r eason tho 1 97 2 PNP gove rn­ ment and tho 1 76 PNP gove rnment wit h tho support of tho communists and tho opposition of tho r ooc­ t i onarios took progressive stops which wont o litt le wcy along tho rood in bringing a bout some of the t hings which Garvey was fighting for . Tho s econd r eason comrcdes why i t wos po3siblo · to make q9mo progress on Garvey's progrommo , while before i t was not possible was a simpl e one . Tho Ame riccn govornmont during G~rvoy 1 s timo and UWI L IBRARES -14- ovon after Garvoy died in 1940 was big and bad all powerful. In those days anybody and any poor country that tried t o holp tno poor peopl e in those countries by taxina tho American compani es or by taking over tho pr ope r ty so that· tho masses could benefit from it, tho American government could send ships and war planes, American soldiers an d mar i nes to come in th e r e, shoot down tho pooplo and lock up their l oade rs . In Garvey's timo, in 1934 tho yoar boforo Garvoy l oft Jamaica, tho American government ac t ~al ly sen t soldiers and marinas into Haiti for 15 years, 1919-1934, in order to shoot down tho nation 's pooplo who were trying to make some progress and to lock up those who wor e defending progress. Nowadays not only arc tho people more conscious, but tho American government can't joke about like that any more, they don't da r o because nowadays, it is not just poor littl e Jamaica with 2 million peopl e or countries liko ours that they havo to deal with . They not onl y would ha ve t o face tho oetormination and unity of the people, but also they woul d havo to face the power of the working class in those coijntrios whore tho working cla ss has already taken over the government , in tho Socialist countries. Therefore they daro not try to come in an d attack our loader like what they tried t o do with Garvey in 1919 . THE IMF TURNBACK But thoy don ' t give up, the big man neve r givos up, they ~ind a way to keep up tho fight, to hold on to thoir ill-gotten gains . So said, so done in Jamaica. Because while the America n government fail ed to keep tho people permanently backwa rd and ignorant by force an d by coming in front , they now have gone a r ound tho back. Wo lf in sheep's clothing. Smiling up with tho government , patting the government on tho back, saying how much th ey want to help us, but now­ adays they arc using a weapon which is more mighty, wo can say 9 than tho weapon that they wer e using against small poor countries in tho days of Marcus Garvey , and that weapon is tho IMF . So they fail to turn us back, wo made some small progress botwoen 1972 an d 1977 but instead of lotting go so tha t we could make more progross, tho American gove rnmen t turned on greater pressure. This time using tho UWI L IBRARES - 15- oconomic weapon a nd not tho othe r on o which ovorybody would sp a, ovorybody would unit e to fi ght against. Comrades, wo hav e to soo clea rly he ro tonight that tho IMF is ,just anothe r a id for tho American qo vornmont - ca us e some pooplo try to t ell you tho I MF is a ba nk of interna tional prestige a nd all kinds of f oolishness. Well pleas e l oern ~oro tonignt the t t ho bi ggest own e r of the I MF is tho Unitod Sta t es gov e rnment. So anything tha t the IMF do cs to J amaica , und or s t a nd t ha t i s th o Am oric an govornmont do it. But th e y can't hide boca us o what thoy s oy is tha t the IMF is s omething al so a nd t hoy want to hol p . But wo know a s conscious poopl o tha t IMFo America n govorn mont and th o Am eric a n go ve rn ment equa l tho I MF. I think , comra des, ova ry ono of us here t onight knows and if ycu don ' t know will f ool wha t tho I RF is doing t o J ama ica a nd th oro f or u ""'whe t t ho America n government i s doing t o J amaica. But ~o don 't t a l k it t ha t wa y. I would like f or us t o r ecall and t o r cmombo r t ha t, toccusc 1 voar ego , 1 yoe r end 3 months ago wh en th o go ve rn ment was thinking of go i ng t o this IMF t o got mo ney, r omo mb or t ho Gl oanc~ t ull th orn t hey mus t go quick a nd got it , fron t page editorial of th o Deily Gl oe.nor. •1 Hu rry up a nd sign tho a grcwmont , Manley", quick time s ign tho agroomon t, tha t wa s wha t tho Gl oanor t old t horn . 11 Como into my p::1 r­ l our s a id tho s pide r t o tho f ly" , hurry up quick, sign it. The l oade r of the opposition , Edwa rd Soaga , s2 id tho s ome thin g t ho t nothi ng i s wrong with th □ IMF e nd t he t thu govorn mon t must hurry up quick timo sign t ho ag r comont boca us o thor o is nothing olso t o do . Tho mnin or ganizat ion in Jameica which t a lked out l oud e nd cl oa r that tho gove rnment should not sign t ho a grc omont, boc a us o in tho long run tho Amoric e n gov ornm~nt would use it t o sink tho ve ry govornmont itsolf, ~as th o WLL (whic h is th o f or orunnor of tho WPJ) ns well ns thos o progros - •. sivo voices inside t ho PNP who would no t be s il unc od by tho ca pit2lists inside t he go vorn rnont . UWI L IBRARES -16- So wo woro tho ones, comredos, wo wore the □nos brothers and sisters who warnod ogainst this thing, tho progressive voices inside tho PNP warned against it, but tho capitalists inside tho PNP wanted it. Eventually tho govornmont and the Prime Minister took bod adv ice and bowed down to the imperial ist, to tho Amoriccn governm~nt, tho capitalists in tho PNP and to Seaga and wont into tho a groomont with tho InF. That was don e on Moy 9 9 1978 . Lut us novor forgot that dcy, bucauso .if it was not for that agroemont tho littlo stops which wo have boon tcking fr6m 1972 to fulfill some of ~ho programme of Marcus Gorvoy, those little stGps era now being turned bock. Wo a lways hevo t o say ono stop forward, ono stop back ­ ward. go we came down to tho same place as wo wore before . You can fool it, I don't ovon toll you. Tho devaluation of tho Jamaican dollar was ono of the terms of tho IMF-American government. So that in 1 year a l one 1978 tho cost of living rose by 50%, in 1 y0nr.~ Which moans comrades , brothers end sisters tha t the mini.!!l.,Um wcgo which nothing had boon done about up to 1969 and on which SOQO little pro­ gross had boon made botwocn 1972 ~nd 1977, tha t min:mum wogo was now bog inning t u turn bock . Because tho min imum wago is clmost no wage, if cost of living i s gone up en d up, whore nothing can catch it, gonLJ through tho sky and tho wage is being restricted by tho InF. So that we can soo that tho IMF a groomont, dirGctly, not indirectly, but directly begins to sabotage th o progress which had begun to bo mad e on one of tho main points that Marcus Garvoy put forward and for which ho fought and died. Tho quos­ tion of l end r eform - again some progress hos boon medo, again tho InF ogroomont, tho Amoricon govorn­ mont through tho IMF scbotago tho progress that has boon under way, because ono of tho terms of the IMF agroomont was that th o govornmont must stop spend­ ing money to bonofit poor poopl o. How they put that in technical language - to bolonc o the budget, that moons spond loss and tax more . So that tho l and reform land loose programme, which had bogun now UWI L IBRARES -17- to put some l and in tho hands of tho small pooplo just as Garvey has boon asking - that programme hos a lmost como to on end aftor tho IMF-American government ogroomcnt, to which Manl ey and the PNP govornment ag r eed. Again in tho a r ea of tho bauxite lovy, in some way that was c smell step forward to put under mcnncrs tho companies which have boon sucking tho coun­ try dry. But tho IMF ogroomcnt then required tho government to restore confidonco among those big MNC's nnd tc restore confidence meant to give thorn what them wont, simple as that. So that at this very moment while wu oro ruosoning here this evening, whil e wo ere talking with one onothor this very moment in Kingston, tho bauxite companies ore sitting down across tho table from those government ropres ontotivcs . Thay o re demanding reduction of tho lovy. So comrodos, we con sec that in all those dif­ fGront ways, tho progress mode on tho rood of struggle for Garvey's points, 2 progres s which was mode because you and I bocomu moro conscious, bocous ~ you and I bocomo more united, bocouso whon wo go out there togothor in 1976 olection, I remember thct vory wall, more and more unity, more and moro activity and organizing . What progress which wo bogan to moko is now being undermined becaus e of tho InF o□ roomcnt and because too many cnpitclists aro inside tho govornment itself cs a fifth columnists working for Soaga oMd working for tho American govern­ ment against tho very Primo Flinistor himself (applcuso) . Comrades all of this moons that nore ind more working pooplo aro brooking down under tho pressure . Breck ing down under prossuro first of al l in tho pockot; tho pocket can't take it. It is liko monoy have no valuo because when you got tho little pittcnco, it is gone before you got it - workers in industry got some b2ck money, gono bofore they got it, boccuso tox draw out of it. NHT draw out of it, NIS UWI L IBRARES -1 8- draw out of it end what don't draw ou t of it already they hnva to pay dabts that they owo from l ong time. But more important than tho pocket breaking down comrados is that tho consciousnoss is breaking down too . Somo of those who wore getting more nnd moro conscious I hoar somo of thorn vory samo men saying t hat mnybo wo can't do without tho capita lists , that moybo wo can't do wi t hout tho American i mperialists, bettor wo koop thorn , bott0r wo havo thorn . Other broth::Jrs and sister s s.-y 11 struggJ.o too hea vy", con' t bother with this th i ng 9 struggl o so long and ~on't soo no progress . I hoar it in town and you a r o hear­ ing it horu too . Ifil.. C □r-1MUNIST ANSWER Our answur to that, tho ~nswor of us communists, is tho formation of the ~PJ because whet our party is saying comrades, is that no~ is tho time more than over boforo to got mo r e conscious, to got more back­ bone, more united, now is not tho t i me to br o~k down because that is what the big men went. Wo have to fo~m, our par ty es our grontor contribution to tho movomont in 8rdcr to go a r ound tho l ongth end breadth of Jamaica to give political educa tion (liku what we arc giv ing hero tonight) and, morose, t o pu t oackbon o in tho strugg l e of thu poopl o , since too many era brooking down. Those ~ho ore s trong and those who arc s tronger have t o bond thomsol vos toge ther into ~ now party in order tn pull up tho r ost and to moko thorn know that they can 't brook down now, because tho work of Marcus Garvey must continu a . Things for which Garvey died must bo done and therofor o comrades, bocauso our party tho WPJ h2s a special purposo of preventing tho struggle from being hold up, of giving tho pooplo moro backbone, it has to boo ~oci a l k ind of party . It just can't boa noxt porty liko cny other ~arty because if wo woro to build up another .· party liko the PNP e r JLP than wo may as woll j oin· tho PNP or tho JLP . We havo to build up some thing now in ardor t o help tho pooplo to got something tha t can holp them t o ovorcomo. UWI L IBRARES -1 9- I would just like t o mention two of tho things a bout our party which is vary important for us to have if wo era to ccrry out th o war~ of Flarcus Garvey, end no t t o 1nako it drop bock and turn back und or tho prossuro of tho American government and tho I MF, and tho s oo- s~w of thu prosont govornmont, a t this mo□cnt . First, if you aro going t o put backbone i nto and not go ing t o got weak then it moans that your party , our pa r ty, tho UP J con only hove pcopl a inside tho party who aro prepared to sta nd up . Wo ccn­ not opon tho door to any and eve rybody. If you opon tho doo r to any end cvoryono , you know who is going to como insidu? T l10 ogon ts of ca) itcl­ is~ go ing to coma insic~ and noxt thing wont t o toke ove r ~ th ey took ovor t ho Labour Party from Bustamanto ' s days y right now they e re still struggling tc t ake over th o P~P . Right now it is ono cap italist party, Sooga's pc=ty; th e PNP is half capi t alist, half soc i oliot and ncnloy and DK tho l oadurs of the PNP arc a l so l oo durs of tho sociolist half of tho PNP {cp~lauso). So in other words, comrades our par ty is t o oqual it up, on e capitalist pa rty tho JL P, ono half PNP ccpitolist, ono hc l f PNP s oci a list . Tota l ono e nd o half for tho capi t a list, half for th o socialist . So wo want one full socic list party, so you bolonco off ( oppl ous o) . So th o first thing about our pa rty is that no ono dof onding capit~lism ccn come in there . Labour pa rty s oy no socialism, c~n ' t come in thoro , i n our par ty no copitclisra can ' t coma in thcro. If tho PNP wont co~italism nnd s oci alism mix u~ togothor a nd pull it two- way, that is th oi r businoss, but in our pcrty no ccpi t ~lis~ ccn 1 t coma i n th uro ( applaus e ) . Wo say comrcdos tha t in !Joking to build up tho WPJ, wo arc l ook ing for those brothers and sistors who aro showing by t heir doods tha t thoy arc prepared to dof ond thu workers and th o poo~ man ng~i nst impe ri2lism and ccpitclism. Tho poopl o ~ho come into our party whorovor they work, those poop! ~ ~ust show by thoir d □ods, thLt UWI L IBRARES -20- thoy de fend their brothe rs and sistors and not just l ook ing out for thomsolvc s . Wheneve r thero is injustice, when mancgomon t try end victimizo ,tho work er, our comrade must bo willing to go to his defence no mcttor that worker is PNP workor, JLP worker, WPJ workor , Rcsta workur. So long c s ho is c worker, tho WPJ man must bo thore to de f end, because ell workers era bro.thers end sisters :j ell work ers feeling it the scmc wcy, because wh on him go into tho suporrnorkot, thoy don't ask him whothor he i s Labour and charge hi m one prico, end cha rge the PNP Gnothor ~rice. Al l workers hove t o pay tho s oma thing and no worker c~n now a fford to pay what is being charged under t ho I FlF pr essure. So our pcrty and ~11 peopl e thct come into au~ party hovo to def end tho workers end poor people of J cmcico. Beli~vc me comrades that anybody that just looking out for thcmsel v~s, looki ng for controct 9 looking f or house, don't chock tho Workers Pa rty cf Jamoicc . The Wo r kers Porty is o commun ist party, whet wo dcfond is bcn''fits for tho poor through struggle. We ere not ab le to give anybody hand-out, becaus e cs you know if a m~n go into o political pa rty to - . got whot ho can tok J , what ho con got out of 1 t 9 that man is not going to bo oblo to struggle for his brother nor bJ his broth ur's koopo~: ho will onl y l ook out for hiLls □l f porsonclly . So comrades tho fi r st thing about our pa rty is t hc t we ask thoso who come into it to bo serious , to bo willing to put out somothing t o hol~ th e i r brothers end sisters . Tho second thing about our party that I wont to mention to you tonight is this - the cO~ifp_dos who arc in our p~rty must be prepa r ed to work fop t ho pooplo all tho time not Just at oloction time . Somo of tho capit~list politicians, in feet most of them , you soc them whon clocti on coma - they ore a round, in tho kitchen drinking pot WGtor, picking up the baby and hugging u~ tho baby, for tho noxt fiv e years you don't s ec thorn again. Thot is not what our pc rty defends . Tho problems of tho poopl o oro everyday UWI L IBRARES -21- problems end therefore the help our party mombors give to tho pooplu must bu ovcrydcy holp. Wo can s2y that since tho founding of our p~rty in Docombor lest year, and tho WLL four years before thot 7 we hove boon practising what wo preach, boceuso thuro is nobody in tho WPJ who dofands capitalism nor cnyono who is prepared to put up with impc~i2lism o~prcs3ing th0 people. Thora is nobody in our p□ rty liko that. Y~u cen fiw' thoso poopla 9 most of thorn , peck up insido t:,c JLP end somo of thorn in the Pf JP; you ccn I t find none of them in tho Workers Porty . That is our principle - tho l/J::Jr!rnrs must havu tll0ir own porcy likL tho ccpit::::list hrvc thoir own pcrty. ~o hcvo al so boon practising whot we procch com­ radoo in thct tho ~vuryd2y problems of tho pooplo a r o our own av-rydoy prcbl~ms . Whoncvor some­ thing hc~pon or oven before it hcppGn, the com­ rades in our p~rty 2re goering the people to struggl o, to g~t batter. You just had tho o;:;:rnr i ence down hc.:rr. with comrcdo flK end othor comrodos in tho WPJ who try end ere still trying to help tho workL~s at Wost IndiJS Boll Company . I ask you if you hear Soogc ev~n ~ut out e statw­ mont cbout t hose workors 9 ~uch loss try end hulp then. Not intorcstod . Tho PNP is intGrontod but their intorost comes ~nd goJs depending on which half is on toµ end whothor thu workors o:i:- tho capitalists er~ pressuring them h~rder . In our party it is tho duty of comrod□ nK and it is tho duty of ~thcr comrcdcs 7 whenever workers ero in trouble e nd uhonovor they hcvo probloras to go to thorn, try to o:gonizo them, ·to help them help thorn struggle to get better. Thu coso of tho flood victims is anothe r excmplo . Our PGrty comrades down hLr~ in tho Hanover Progressive Movement or ganizud c done □ and I would ruclly like to congratulate them and to expross opprociction of tho whole mo vomont, tha t they wure ablo to havo tho donc a and to got over G700 to contribute to the flood victins. (Ap~louso.) Thirdly, com- UWI L IBRARES -22- . r ados, any wh e r e in tho island wh or o wo hovo party mombors, pa rty mombors must dofond tho workers rogcrdl oss if they aro Labour, PNP, ~PJ, no ' P' at ell, all t ho time not just when ~l oction coma nround. So you will fin d that in Clarendon th e comrades from the Workers Party a r L trying c t this moment to holp tho cooporo ti vJ f 2rmors end I am going the re noxt wook to holp. Tho co~rcdos in St . Elizabeth in the Workers Par t y havu boon succossfully struggl ing over th o Hollcnd Mtn. issue wh ere thu farmers were boing brutclizod by t hu P.uynolds Ba uxit o Company. Th o com­ rades fulfill od thui r. duti us cs communists to organi ze and to help thL workers end fcrmcrs to got that l and in thoir hands . Similarly in St . Ccthurino comrades fr om th o Wo rkers Party oro figh t ing in tho communiti 0s thor u for school, =ocds, w~tor, end SJ on . f omo way in tho communitios in Kingston c~d St . Andrew. So ~11 ovor LVJn though wo o~o vory young and wo a r c v~ry small, wh~rovor wo a r o , we prcctioo what we preach. Wo a r ~ comrittcd t o helping th o poopl o ' s strugg~ca. Thct i3 our ~rincipl o end t hat is our practico. -ELECTlilll.§. The r o is just cno other thing I would like to say, ccmr2dos, as to one of au= oxporioncos, so that you will und erstand so~o of wh~t wo or e t rying to do . Our oxporiunc u is that tho PNP gi vornmont ond t ho PNP l ondors nro too soft, thoy aru too soft on tho cor­ ruption and tho corrupt offici a ls f rom tho top right down to t h~ ~ottom . Too soft on th orn making thorn gut away , (app l ausu) - too scft on tho big c ompen i os li~c Wost Indius Ball Company - they shoul d novor have boun cllowud to l ucvo Jamaica without payi ng th o JomGic an govu rnmJnt ( opplauso ). Thay oro too soft comrcdos, ~nd they nuod something hard in ardor to mako thu8 hardor and t h8t somGthing hard is th o W?J . Bocouso what wo havo notice d is that whor a our party is strong, nnd wh uro our party is oblo to organize tho poopl u to stand up, thnt is whore tho gov~rnmont movos to help tho poopl u lik o in Holland Mountain . UWI L IBRARES -23- If our party comrad es woro not thoro (ond soma of thorn a r o in this mooting horo tonight) to organize thoso farmers to pressure tho gov ern­ ment, th~ govornmont would havo boon soft on Raynolds a nd Royn~lds would novo r givo up tho land. But tho comrades wero thurc to o rga nize tho pooplo to moko thorn domonstrato, petition, write lottors, do oll s orts of things until tho government lived up to its promises. In tho cosu of Casa Manto Hotel 40 workers woro boing thrown out of jobs, If our party was not thoru t o org~n­ izo thorn, to mcko thorn conscious, no wcy could tho wo r kers at Cesa Manto today hove won , no wny. Tho govurnmont would not hovo given tho hotol to t ho workers . So thot our oxpori onco i s showing us that whore wo e r a strong we hovu c bottur chance of making tho govornmont fulfill its promisos to tho people . Whore wo cro woak tho govornmon t is soft on capitalism, end soft on impori ~l ism . Thoroforo our job one your job in tho i ntcrJst of progress for tho working pooplo is to mnko our porty strongur . I f wo make it str onge r not onl y can wo got tho govornMunt to s t cnd firm, but a lso wo will never ove r havo cgoin c govornmont like what Soaga wonts to bring in, a go vurnmont to carry us bock, bock, bock, b~yond th e days of norcus Garvey beck into onothor s l nvory 9 uhon big componios, big invost­ ors'como in c.nd t.nko ovur Jomoicn and suck tho blood of tho puoplo ovon more thon now. We will novor hovo another government liko that if you _umcin unite d 2.nd if our Porty acts stronger (applouso}. For thot rooson, comrades , tho WPJ has decided that wo will bo contesting t he noxt ol octi on {appl a use ). Wo hnvo docidud this bocouso wo f uol that if wo contest the nox t oloctiona, then tho progr essive movomont will have c batter chonc o of dofoo ting Soaga nnd provonting tho Lcbo ur party from coming in. I want to spend 2 littl e time □ ::p laining this to }'□ u , boc,-:uso a ll tho UWI L IBRARES comrades don't roclly understand wha t it moons. At this timo thoro aro many, mcny diffqront constitu­ oncios in Jamcicc whoro o lot of people cro saying th~t if it is only PNP or JL P thoy ~ot voting .- they 3ro no t voti ng because thoy can novor givo t hofr vote to Socgc, s ince Seago is a man that dofond f asc ism, en d tho Americcn government. So they ·will novor v·oto for Soaga . But ot the scmo timo , t hoy arc a lot of progrossive poople who pr~for to stcy at their ya rd r ather thon come out end voto f or tho PNP . I toll you why, boccusu they fool that tho PNP lot thorn down, that cftor t ho good start , with lond looso , minimum wcge, bauxite l ovy, c lot of progress but instead of ca rrying forward, too much slowing down. Gon~ to tho I MF instoad of tho pooplo. Is not the I MF put Manley in powor yo u know, so he must not sati s fy th o IMF. It is tho people thct put him in powe r end it is tho pooplo ho must satisfy, not the IMF . (Appl au s e .) So comrcdos we hove to toll tho peopl e thct they must vote for th o PNP because of Seoga 1 s fascism end because tho PNP hos brought progress. Gut whon tho poopl~ soy to us, but brother Trevor, i T"'i:;o vote for PNP o~oin and tho same thing is going to happen liko what happon after in 1976,""we can't vote for the PNP again". Tho peopl e s ay we can ' t vote for tho PNP, can't vote for candidates tha t aro not r eally soci 3list, that or e capitalists in disguise, because af t or , th ey win they sabo t age progress. In 197 6 wo pl ayed a key role in bringing jut tho youth to vote for tho PNP (cpplcuso) ond in 1981, tho only way that wo or o going to be ablo to bring out tho youths Qg2 in to voto for th o PNP is if c t the same time wo can show thorn that in some eroas they will clso bo voting for tho WP J to put more backbono in tho struggle for be ttor ofte r tho elections finisn ( applause). In othe r words wo can't toll them veto for PNP and it is going to got bettor ofter 1981. Wo hc vo to show that i if thoy vote f or PNP and if th o PNP got bock in powo~, we will also hovo ~PJ men in tho house to put firo under thorn t oil, so that they c an't lot go th o cor­ ruption ond what is going on now (applause ) . Th~t is how wo soo it. Th ey hove Soogo wa tching on behalf UWI L IBRARES - 25- of imporiclism, ~PJ watching on bohclf of tho ~ooplo , so thct tho m~mon t the y s lip wo going to lick thorn ~nd m~ko them know th oy must a tcnd up and dofond poor pcoplo becauso is po8r pooplo put thorn in power ( app l auso ). So comrades in thoso ports of tho island of Jamaica, in those parts whore tho l1IPJ candid:Jt□, where our man tho com~uniot man, have o bettor chance of boating tho Soogc man thoou plccos we aro goin g to run candidates . Whorovar ou r man has tho butter chcnco of booti ng Soog2's ma n, wo have to run our man boc ouso tho progr~s­ sivo movomont must put its best foot ?orwcrci i n tho interest of e\.'Jry poor man i n Jamaica to mcko sure Seago don't got in as P. M. (applause). Sc that if in o division or consti tu~ncy in Clarendon, St. Elizabeth or wherever because t~8 PNP r1P or ccretck er i3 carol ocs, he docs not stay with the people, tho people don ' t soc hi m, ho don ' t help tho people, instead ho gone to look about hio own business, he docs not oven live in the const:;.tuoncy; in that coso tho WPJ man who live with th~ pooplo, who work with tho peopl e , ~ho h~lp tho peopl e, if tha t WP J Ma n have tho batter chanc e , than that WDJ raon must run end the PrJP people. who !!.lent to kick out Scnga'c man h□vo c duty to support the WPJ man bocausc..,th~t is tho r.1cn who uill h~vc thlJ bottor chance to kcor Gut Socga (np~lcusc). Comrc doc for the scmc rocsons in thoce othor constitu- • oncics tho overwhel ming majority uhoro the PNP h□vo tho bettor chance to boo t Seago, than t~o PNP muct run in those constituencies ond it i s tho duty of tho WP J to support tho PNP in those constituencies ( applou~o ). In other words comrodos ~o oro going to scndwich Sooga ( appl cuso ). In one plnco thoy havo to f a co tho PNP mon whore tho PNP man hcve r oots o ne doing tr.o work cmong tho people. In another ploco whore tho PNP man weak and tho WPJ man strong they will hove to UWI L IBRARES - 26- face tho WPJ man wh e t her him like it or not. (Applause . ) So comrados it is l of t up to the working pooplo in tho various constituoncios to docid o who h2vo tho bottor ch0nco to boat Soa~a . It is up to th o poopl o I can't toll you . You havo to tell mo, and I went t o mcko it clea r hor o tonight tha t if in Luc ca o~ in Woscorn Hanover thoro i s o ~PJ man who have a bettor chcnco to dofoat Sccgc 1 s man end if you toll our party l eadership that, than Wes t ern Hanover wil l bo o~o of tho places whore, Seago ~ill have to face the WPJ man, and PNP people will hcvo to support tho WPJ men ( applause). Comrades, thct decision is not being t aken tonight , you havo to look around ; you hcvo to talk to pooplo, you havo to hoar what they ere say ing, you havo to lot our party comrades know . If it is your fooling that our comrado is tho bettor men, than you must toll him and ho will toll us, bocouso if thct ic so thon it is tho duty of all tho grasaroots - PNP , WP J - ovon ~LP, who want to son Soagc remain in oppo­ aition until ho l oaves tho islcnd. I t is tho duty of us to support tho co~rcdo who hes tho bettor chance of booting Socga 's ma n in this conotituonc~. So ~hon ~o say we o~o going to f!ght ul octic~ comradon wo arc not go ing to sp:it any votes, boc~uoo ~o cr-o not going to run in any oroo whore t~::: PfJP is tho stronger to boct Soogo. In those croon ~o uill bo supporting tho PNP, will bo t::-ying to ricko tho::i got proarossivo ccndidotos, end no~ ju3t put up tho scmo oJ d -~.:.j'J co l onialists or c.::..;:,i talist ~.:.nd.:.dotos . Wo wo~t thom to put up progross lvo pooplo . Tha t is ~hy I toll you horo tonight on behalf of our party that wo arc 1 □□% behind tho ro-ol oction of comrade D. K. Duncan os Gonorol Secretary ;' thJ Pr:P, (applause). Wo soc DK as a gonuino socialist and ono who will help to strengthen t ho sociclists inside tho PNP and one who thoroforo wLll ha ve our s upport. So wo not going to split a ny _voto , but in tho s oma way wo ar o not going to split a ny vote , wo coll on tho PNP not to split tho vote in those areas wh or o thoy don't have a ma n who can d ~ -~t Soago ' s man . .. UWI L IBRARES - 27- If th e ~a rty l oadorship don ' t want to listen to our coll, than it is up to the party r cnk an~ fil o t o m2ko them listen . It is up to th o pcrty r ank and file , pa rty grassroots to tell t ho l oaders " look l'lr. f·1c nl oy, look f·1r. PJ wo don ' t hov9 nJbody in this di~isi on or con­ s tituoncy that con boat Seago but wo hove c nex t man hero who is progrossivo a nd who is ~PJ thct hcvo o goo d chance . Lot us support him. So comrot os, tonight os wo comm omo r o to tho 92nd annivers a ry of tho birthda y end tho 50th onnivorsory of Garv ey's political oducc ­ t ion and of Gorvoy ' s political party wo sec that thero hos boon soma prog~oss ofter yoors of no progress - in putting Gorvoy 1 s ~oints an d carrying thorn fo rl!lc.rd . Bui:. now tho IflF hos como in to prossurizo tho govornmont ond th o progress is boing sabo t ogod. Our duty in our party is to help build up tho strength of tho WJrkors, build bock th o unity of tho pro­ gr oss iv o movomont so that i ~po rioli sm and tho I AF can bo dofoa t od and our country go forward to socialism {Prolonged appl ause ). UWI L IBRARES -28- MODERN UOH-ALIGNMEHT by Horoco· Lovy Tho non-clignmont pf tho Non-Aligned Movomont of today g=ow ~ircctly out of tho strugglo of tho Asion end African ~ooplcs for nctioncl indopen dcnco end wnrld po□co. The birth of ~ho Movomont is usually trocod b~ck to th= conf□ ronco hel d ~t □cndung in Ind~nosio in 1955. Howovor this conforcncc was itself tho cul m2nction of o l ong series of Asion intor­ n~tioncl □eatings ond contocts between A~ion ond African l ocdors going bock to tho 1920 ' s . (Soc G. Bondcrcvsky and V. Sofinsky, Non- Alignment: Its Friends and Adv~rsorios in World Politics 7 noscow 1978. Ono of tho first such raoot in£S wcs tho Congress cf Opprossod NotionolitiJs in Brussels in 1927 cttondod by Jowohcrlcl ~ohru, Ho Chi Minh onci other l oading personalities which called for support for tho ~nti­ imporiolist struggle of tho Chinese pooplo end the indcpondonco struggle of Indio on~ Syria. Another. nooting wcs tho Asian Rolntions Conforonco ho~d in Dolhi in fl:-'.rch 1947, ·cho very year Indio. won its· l ona-fought-for indopondonco from Britain. An~thor conforonco of 15 countries in Delhi in Jcnuory 1949 dom:->ndod th:.,t~i thdrcwol of tho Dutch occupying Indonosic - who wore indoud forced out by thQ end of tho yoo.r . For much of tho rost of Asia - Ourmo , Sri Lenka , Vietnam, Loos - tho story wen vory simile~ in that puriod: tho fight for liberation from thu wostorn colonial powurs through mutual support e nd solidarity . In Africa tho struggle and tho cch i ovomont of solf­ dotorminotion wore to c~rry wel l into tho doccdo of tho sixtiGs 7 with tho ouster of tho Portuguese coming still moro recently. Springing out of such soil, modern non-clignmont .. ' UWI L IBRARES • -29- stcnds worlds apart from the wost-loaning • "noutrali t11 11 of Swi tz orlcnd. It hos nov or said c word about tho behaviour of bolligoronts an d neutrals. From tho vary beginning it was oc tivoly hostile to tho colonial, imperialist, racist end mili tci_rist policies proctisod by Britain, Franco, Holland, Portugal, ond th o Unitod Stctos of America. Born in tho midst of tho Cold War, tho Non-Ali gned Flovomont nought tJ stoy out of it ond to bring it to en and . But this did not mocn oqui-distcnco or imp2r­ tirlity towards soma of tho underlying causes. In particular, WostLrn Colonialicm wcs condomnod .Q1_ o r,,a icr cc us o of thu 0 Wci..J!lor ._ This is c mcttor of history, howova~ nuch tho biased cccounts of tho western press, Jomaicc's Daily _Gloonor included, 2ttompt to disguise end) distort it . "From Wost Africa to Ecst Asi~" , wrote tho Uostorn cuthority, Cocil Crobb, "non­ align~ont is viowod cs springing f~om, anci being qn integral pert of, tho ong~.!2,:Lstr~nst coloniolisq end tho non-clignod countries do not put wostorn colonialism on tho scmo footing cs Sov iot infl uoncc in Ecst Europo11 ( Tho Elcollcn·t and tho c'ross, 1965, p. ·42) . - Against ~his briefly skotchod background .the full significonco of the Sixth Summit og -cf13 non­ Aifgno~ Cuu~trios ornorgus mar e clear!~ A movomont with origins in Asia end Africa is now solidly ostoblishcd in Latin Amorico, with twolvo mom- bars to·tho original ono, (which was Cub~). And it is Havana which of a ll tho capitals of this homisphorc is chosen for the Sixth Summit. Those simplq facts signel tho world-wid o expan­ sion and rolovonco of tho Flovomcnt, ropros onting ,as it now docs ono and c hclf billion pooplo in tho throe cootinonts of Asia, Africa and South/ Central Amoricc {Yugosl nvin is tho only mainland European mombcr) . Th ay signal more howovor . . . UWI L IBRARES -30- Thoy ~oint firstly, to tho increasing im_£crbrJ.S..£..J?l. noo-col ::rn iqJJ,,§_t end economic issues .and, s:.icondl_y, _to thu spacial rolo of tho ·soct_2list co un~rios within tho Mcvomont . NEO-:COL ON I ALIS T EN Erl'(. Ovor th o post 35 yccrs, onu by on □ tho colonial ompiros havo crumbled - the British, Dutch, French, Portuguoso . Now it is tho North Am□riccn ompiro which is suffering dufont cftor dofoot - in South- ocst Asia, in Ir8n, in Groncdo , in Nic~rcgun - with th o throct of still fur ­ ther bl ows in Guatomclr'. 9 Sen Scl vc r'or end Bolivia. It is Unitod Stntos and Europocn noo-coloni2lism, opor~ting through tho multi-nctional companies and colluding with Isrcolis, Afrikcnors and Chinos □, which is under cttock. Within th;.; Non- Alignod flovLmunt tho growing prcsonco of Latin Amorico , most of which wrostod its indopondoncL from Spain in tho nineteenth c □ntury~ symbolizes end coincides with tho incrocs ing attention of tho Movement to ocon~mic problems, to tho now kind of colonialism which hes to bo dealt wi th . ' Latin America has had tho longest oxporionco of Ycnk □o imp erialism, cs wall os tho worst in terQs of profits ox trcctod. The strugglo to chcngc tho ruling oconomic equations was initiated by tho Non- Aligned nctions from tho early sixties . Those notions grasped from oorly thc t without profound chcngos in this area, politiccl indo­ pondonco would be only a word . First attempts, how­ ovor, brought no resul ts . Tho rich countries onl y ogrood to n3Qoticto at ell cftor they woro force d to by the oil cricis of 1973. Evon than they rosictod ovory attempt by tho developing notions to broaden tho ~ dialogue from oil to o ther commodities, to trodo, debt and monatory probl ems . (Soc Third World Dilommc, by c Group of Concerned Sri Lonkcn Schol ars, Colombo 1979) . • A Chortor of Economic Riahts end Obliro tions wos odoptod in tho Uni tad ~Jc. tions in 197 4: Sut i thas romGinod c d~ad lcttor. In economic matters U.N. Gonorcl Assembly proved futilo. Tho North-South UWI L IBRARES -31- dialogue of Pari s 1 75 and 1 76 coma to nought . And tho UNCTAD Confor onco o f 1976 and in Manill e oarlior this yoa r, whoro the sa~o Non- Aligned countries devo t ed thomsolv os exclusively to bconomic iss ues, prov ed eq ually fruitless. All of which must be sot within cont~ts of tho Thi rd ~orld's docrccsing shar e of world trado, massive debt or over ~300 billion, and tottering national oconomi us . This was tho background of tho Havana Summit, a background of nogotictions and dialogue ~ith tho rich nctiJns ~h ich had achiovod nothing . Tho rich nations dodged and procrast ina t ed. They called fo r furthor studios. Earlier this yoar, they triad to turn Third World anger in tho Soviot direction. Or throctoncd to go t nasty if thoro ~ac no lot-up in tho criticism. Tho l esson fur tho flon-A l ignud nctians was tho incdoquacy, indood th o futility, cf attempting to obtain real chcngo in present ocJnomi c struc­ tures by tho route of ta l k end of nogotint i on . Dr . Gamani Corea, Socrotary- Genor a l of UNCTnD ~~id in his keynote addrocs at Manila that " ~ significant cha~go hod oscurrod in tho ncgoti ctions between the deve l oped a nd dovol op­ ing countri es over tho past few yoars . Thero had b~on a shift in omphas i 3 frcm debctos on general questions of ci~volop~ont r r 1 undcr­ duv olop~ont to noga tin t ions on concr□tJ issues like commodity cg r oc1i1onts a nd tho tranofor cf technology . Today UNCTAD tried not rnoroly to produce roool utions, but a l so to nogotia to concrete, logally binding instruments . Tho Third World countries could not roly on noral porsuation a l ono to got th eir demands . Mora l persuasion would not br ing a bout c now intor­ nctional economic a r dor . Tho dovoloping coun­ tries must mobilize their political power and apply lcvorcg·..: to get th uir demands" . Th e Havana Summit soomod to show tha t tho Non­ Alignod nctions wu r o l cGrning this lesson . UWI L IBRARES • ._32- Spookor ofter spockor at tho pl enary sossions called end ccllod cgoin for action, action to trcnslot~ Non­ Aliqnod unity and solf-rol ionco into unco~prornising re□:ity. In his historic opening spooch ~nd infl u­ oncod quite likely in this respect by pre-confere nce discussions with :fam aic□ 's Michael f•lanloy, Fic!:Jl C:::istro turned tho spotlight on onorgy . Ho appoclod to "tho lcrgcr oil- exporting countr~os to st rike out , : our□goo•.1sly .. . in i rnplomonti ng c wiso and far­ sighted policy of economic coor □ rotion 9 suppiios and invostrnunta in □ 'Jr undor-dovolopod world 11 • Zambi□' s Konnoth l(ciundci and ot'1or speck ors did not hesitate to point out tho horr~fic consequences of investing oil money, in London and Now Yor:<: it finds its way into tho guns end bombs turned cgcinst frco­ ciom fighters, wo~on and children in Zimbcbwo, Ncmibia c.nd Lebcnon. Pri~o Minister Mcnloy,· in his importcnt contribution, s;:wl